A sensor including a layer having viscoelastic properties, the layer comprising a void, the void filled with a fluid; and optionally, a more rigid sensing element embedded within the layer. When a force is applied to a surface of the sensor, the shape of the void changes, causing the electrical resistance of the fluid in the void to change. When included, the more rigid sensing element can bear upon the void to cause the electrical resistance of the fluid in the void to change. A direction and intensity of the force can be determined by measuring the change of the electrical resistance of different voids positioned about the sensing element. The layer can be an elastomer, preferably silicone rubber. The fluid can be a conductive liquid, preferably Eutectic Gallium Indium. The sensing element can be plastic and can have a “Joystick” shape. The voids can take the form of channels or microchannels having a predefined pattern and/or shape.

A machine for road work for road work, the machine can comprise: a frame, a drive system including a power source carried by the frame, a milling system driven by the power source and a controller. The milling system can comprise: a rotor configured to rotate and remove an amount of material from a working area; a drive member coupling the rotor to be driven by the power source; a tensioner assembly configured to tension the drive member; and a sensor configured to measure the tension of the drive member. The controller can be configured to, in response to a signal received from the sensor, determine if the rotor has encountered an object capable of damaging the rotor.

A machine for road work for road work, the machine can comprise: a frame, a drive system including a power source carried by the frame, a milling system driven by the power source and a controller. The milling system can comprise: a rotor configured to rotate and remove an amount of material from a working area; a drive member coupling the rotor to be driven by the power source; a tensioner assembly configured to tension the drive member; and a sensor configured to measure the tension of the drive member. The controller can be configured to, in response to a signal received from the sensor, determine if the rotor has encountered an object capable of damaging the rotor.

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: controlling suction with predetermined force in a known measurement area to a moving cardboard or paper web in a manufacturing process, detecting on-line measurement information on deviation of the moving cardboard or paper web in the manufacturing process caused by the suction with predetermined force in the known measurement area, and determining elastic modulus of the moving cardboard or paper web in the manufacturing process on the basis of the measured deviation.

A machine for road work for road work, the machine can comprise: a frame, a drive system including a power source carried by the frame, a milling system driven by the power source and a controller. The milling system can comprise: a rotor configured to rotate and remove an amount of material from a working area; a drive member coupling the rotor to be driven by the power source; a tensioner assembly configured to tension the drive member; and a sensor configured to measure the tension of the drive member. The controller can be configured to, in response to a signal received from the sensor, determine if the rotor has encountered an object capable of damaging the rotor.

A machine for road work for road work, the machine can comprise: a frame, a drive system including a power source carried by the frame, a milling system driven by the power source and a controller. The milling system can comprise: a rotor configured to rotate and remove an amount of material from a working area a drive member coupling the rotor to be driven by the power source; a tensioner assembly configured to tension the drive member; and a sensor configured to measure the tension of the drive member. The controller can be configured to, in response to a signal received from the sensor, determine if the rotor has encountered an object capable of damaging the rotor.

A machine for road work for road work, the machine can comprise: a frame, a drive system including a power source carried by the frame, a milling system driven by the power source and a controller. The milling system can comprise: a rotor configured to rotate and remove an amount of material from a working area a drive member coupling the rotor to be driven by the power source; a tensioner assembly configured to tension the drive member; and a sensor configured to measure the tension of the drive member. The controller can be configured to, in response to a signal received from the sensor, determine if the rotor has encountered an object capable of damaging the rotor.

Provided are a system and method for monitoring tension of a track. The track tension monitoring method of determining whether tension of tracks constituting an undercarriage module, which is an undercarriage of caterpillar track equipment, is abnormal includes, when tracks are in a dynamic state, entering an abnormality determination mode for determining whether the tracks are in excessive tension or low tension, and determining, in the abnormality determination mode, whether track tension is abnormal by measuring the track tension when the tracks make a turn, when the tracks are impacted, or when the caterpillar track equipment operates.

Provided are a system and method for monitoring tension of a track. The track tension monitoring method of determining whether tension of tracks constituting an undercarriage module, which is an undercarriage of caterpillar track equipment, is abnormal includes, when tracks are in a dynamic state, entering an abnormality determination mode for determining whether the tracks are in excessive tension or low tension, and determining, in the abnormality determination mode, whether track tension is abnormal by measuring the track tension when the tracks make a turn, when the tracks are impacted, or when the caterpillar track equipment operates.

Provided are a system and method for monitoring tension of a track. The track tension monitoring method of determining whether tension of tracks constituting an undercarriage module, which is an undercarriage of caterpillar track equipment, is abnormal includes, when tracks are in a dynamic state, entering an abnormality determination mode for determining whether the tracks are in excessive tension or low tension, and determining, in the abnormality determination mode, whether track tension is abnormal by measuring the track tension when the tracks make a turn, when the tracks are impacted, or when the caterpillar track equipment operates.