A force detector includes a support, fluid bags, a contact portion, a detector, and a computer. The contact portion is opposite to a side on which the fluid bags are in contact with the support and is adjacent to the fluid bags. The computer obtains information regarding the internal pressures of the fluid bags from the detector. Upon application of an external force to the contact portion from an object, the computer calculates a force acting in a tangential direction on a contact surface between the object and the contact portion based on a difference between the internal pressures of the fluid bags.

A pressure sensor capsule includes a capsule body, an isolator, a pressure sensor, and a fluid fill pathway. The capsule body defines a process chamber. The isolator is supported by the capsule body and is exposed to the process chamber. The pressure sensor produces a sensor output that is indicative of a pressure within an interior chamber, which is isolated from the process chamber by the isolator. The fluid fill pathway extends from the process chamber to the interior chamber.

A pressure sensor including a crystal housing, a transducer crystal disposed in the housing in vacuum conditions, a driver in contact with the crystal transducer, and a deflectable member in contact with the driver on one surface and exposed to ambient pressure on the opposite surface thereof. A borehole system including a borehole in a subsurface formation, a string in the borehole, and a sensor connected to the string.

A force detector includes a support, fluid bags, a contact portion, a detector, and a computer. The contact portion is opposite to a side on which the fluid bags are in contact with the support and is adjacent to the fluid bags. The computer obtains information regarding the internal pressures of the fluid bags from the detector. Upon application of an external force to the contact portion from an object, the computer calculates a force acting in a tangential direction on a contact surface between the object and the contact portion based on a difference between the internal pressures of the fluid bags.

Provided are a clamping force measurement system and method for a head-mounted device. The clamping force measurement system for a head-mounted device includes a pressure sensing module and a measurement module. The measurement module includes at least two measurement device and at least one gas guide device. A measurement device includes at least one hollow compressible unit. The measurement device is configured to discharge gas when the volume of the measurement device is deformed during extrusion. A first end of a gas guide device is in communication with a measurement device. A second end of the gas guide device is in communication with the pressure sensing module to transmit the gas to the pressure sensing module. The pressure sensing module is configured to determine the clamping force of the head-mounted device according to the pressure value of the gas.

A pressure sensor capsule includes a capsule body, an isolator, a pressure sensor, and a fluid fill pathway. The capsule body defines a process chamber. The isolator is supported by the capsule body and is exposed to the process chamber. The pressure sensor produces a sensor output that is indicative of a pressure within an interior chamber, which is isolated from the process chamber by the isolator. The fluid fill pathway extends from the process chamber to the interior chamber.

Described is a glow plug with a glow pencil that comprises a forward end with a glow tip and a rearward end, a housing in which the rearward end of the glow pencil is arranged and in relation to which the glow pencil is movable in its longitudinal direction, and a bellows that is connected to the housing and the glow pencil. According to this disclosure, it is provided that a forward end of the bellows is attached to the housing and a rearward end of the bellows is attached to the glow pencil.

A pressure sensor including a transducer housing, a transducer crystal disposed in the housing in vacuum conditions, a driver in contact with the crystal transducer, and a deflectable member in contact with the driver on one surface and exposed to ambient pressure on the opposite surface thereof. A borehole system including a borehole in a subsurface formation, a string in the borehole, and a sensor connected to the string.