In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method includes obtaining a sequence of images of a three-dimensional volume of a material. The method also includes determining a set of features based on the sequence of images and a first neural network. The set of features indicate microstructure features of the material. The method further includes determining a set of material properties of the three-dimensional volume of the material based on the set of features and a first transformer network.

Provided is a method of correcting an error of an optical sensor including a light source and an image sensor, the method including emitting light to a material by driving the light source, acquiring an image of the material by the image sensor, and correcting an error of a distance between the light source and the image sensor of the optical sensor based on a gradation of the acquired image of the material.

A system for visualizing melanin present in tissue can include an imaging system to record a signal based on a presence of melanin in tissue and a display device to display an image based on the signal. A first laser source can emit a Stokes pulse train and a second laser source can emit a pump pulse train. Both the first laser source and the second laser source comprise a tunable center wavelength or frequency. An energy difference between a frequency of the Stokes pulse train and a frequency of the pump pulse train is from 1750 cm.sup.−1 to 2250 cm.sup.−1. The Stokes and the pump pulse train overlap in space and time. A scanning mechanism focuses the combined Stokes pulse train and pump pulse train within the tissue and scans across the tissue. A detector detects the signal based on a presence of melanin within the tissue.

A beverage dispenser includes a nozzle to dispense a beverage. The beverage dispenser further includes a camera to capture an image of the beverage as the beverage is dispensed from the nozzle. The camera has a field of view that includes the beverage. The beverage dispenser further includes a light source that illuminates the field of view of the camera. The beverage dispenser further includes a computer. The computer analyzes the image of the beverage and determines a characteristic of the beverage.

The present document discloses a method of determining thickness of a wet film, in particular of microfibrillated cellulose. The method comprises conveying said film (20) in a wet state on a conveyor (10) having a conveyor width, the wet film having a film width which is less than the conveyor width, providing a laser projection (1511) across a film edge, acquiring a series of images, each depicting an area of the conveyor, wherein the laser projection, a portion of the film and a portion of an exposed conveyor surface are visible, and using at least some of said images to determine at least one of a film thickness and a film thickness distribution across the film width. The document also discloses a method of forming a film, in particular a microfibrillated cellulose film, and a device for producing such film.

A tunable inertial sheathing (TIS) system and methods for particle-size-insensitive high-throughput single-stream focusing of particles suspended in a particle-carrying fluid are provided. The TIS conditions particles to distribute locally within one of compartments of inertial force field, followed by an inertial focusing to migrate it to a single foci. For the particle localization, the TIS system introduces an arbitrary form of peripheral sheathing by generating and accumulating sheath fluid from particle-carrying fluid through a combination of inertial focusing, channel bifurcation and channel confluence. Multiple forms of the TIS system are also provided, each including one main channel and at least one bypass channel. The main channel includes and cascades at least three segments, at least one bifurcating junction and at least one confluence junction.

A method and apparatus for determining a reflectance, of at least a portion of a target object, in at least one selected wavelength range of electromagnetic (EM) radiation are disclosed. The method comprises, for each selected wavelength range, providing a digital image including at least one target object and a plurality of reference objects, each reference object having respective non-identical predetermined reflectance characteristics, with a digital camera arrangement that provides output image data that comprises digital numbers that are responsive to radiation, in only a selected wavelength range, incident at a sensing plane of the digital camera arrangement. A relationship between a first set of the digital numbers is determined and a first set of the respective predetermined reflectance characteristics of the reference objects. Responsive to the relationship, a further set of digital numbers is transformed to allocate a value of reflectance for each of the digital numbers in the further set. For at least a portion of the target object, a corresponding first group of allocated values of reflectance is determined and responsive to the first group of allocated values, determining a reflectance of the portion of the target object.

A single ion imaging-based detection method and device are provided. After being reflected by an electromodulation singularity coupling differential imaging reaction unit, a probe beam from a total internal reflection ellipsometry imager converges on a CCD or CMOS detector, the acquired sensing surface image data is transmitted to a signal processing unit, the common mode noise is eliminated by performing spectral analysis on differential signals of a working sensing surface and a reference sensing surface, the peak intensity of a modulating signal is selected on the spectrum for wave filtering to obtain a real-time signal of interaction of single ions or charged molecules at a solid-liquid interface. Based on the singularity effect at a surface plasma resonance angle of an ellipsometry phase and a corresponding optical signal noise suppression scheme, the present application can achieve real-time observation of the adsorption of single ions or charged molecules at a solid surface.

Aspects of the present disclosure include reconfigurable integrated circuits for characterizing particles of a sample in a flow stream. Reconfigurable integrated circuits according to certain embodiments are programmed to calculate parameters of a particle in a flow stream from detected light; compare the calculated parameters of the particle with parameters of one or more particle classifications; classify the particle based on the comparison between the parameters of the particle classifications and the calculated parameters of the particle; and adjust one or more parameters of the particle classifications based on the calculated parameters of the particle. Methods for characterizing particles in a flow stream with the subject integrated circuits are also described. Systems and integrated circuit devices programmed for practicing the subject methods, such as on a flow cytometer, are also provided.

An apparatus for analyzing a plant specimen is disclosed which includes a housing assembly adapted to be in i) an open configuration adapted to receive a plant specimen, and ii) a closed configuration wherein ambient light is controlled therein, a light source disposed in or coupled to the housing assembly, the light source adapted to shine light onto or through the plant specimen when the housing assembly is in the closed configuration, and a camera assembly coupled to the housing assembly, the camera assembly having an image sensor adapted to receive light from the plant specimen in i) a transmittance mode where light transmits through the plant specimen, or ii) a reflectance mode where light is reflected from the plant specimen, the image sensor adapted to thereby capture hyperspectral images of the plant specimen.