Modulation-encoded light, using different spectral bin coded light components, can illuminate a stationary or moving (relative) target object or scene. Response signal processing can use information about the respective different time-varying modulation functions, to decode to recover information about a respective response parameter affected by the target object or scene. Electrical or optical modulation encoding can be used. LED-based spectroscopic analysis of a composition of a target (e.g., SpO2, glucose, etc.) can be performed; such can optionally include decoding of encoded optical modulation functions. Baffles or apertures or optics can be used, such as to constrain light provided by particular LEDs. Coded light illumination can be used with a focal plane array light imager receiving response light for inspecting a moving semiconductor or other target. Encoding can use orthogonal functions, such as an RGB illumination sequence, or a sequence of combinations of spectrally contiguous or non-contiguous colors.

A breath analyte capture device includes a breath input port into which a user exhales a breath sample, and a cartridge insertion port for receiving a disposable cartridge containing an interactant. During exhalation of a breath sample, at least a portion of the breath sample is routed through the cartridge such that the analyte (such as breath acetone) is captured by the interactant. In some embodiments, the concentration of the analyte in the breath sample is measured by monitoring a chemical reaction that occurs in the disposable cartridge. The chemical reaction may be monitored by illuminating the cartridge at each of multiple light wavelengths while measuring reflected light.

A device for measuring oxygen saturation includes circuitry configured to determine a series resistance for a light emitting diode based on a first diode voltage at the light emitting diode for a first current, a second diode voltage at the light emitting diode for a second current, and a third diode voltage at the light emitting diode for a third current. The circuitry is further configured to determine an intensity of a received photonic signal corresponding to an output photonic signal output using the light emitting diode. The circuitry is further configured to determine an oxygen saturation level based on the intensity of the received photonic signal and the series resistance.

Modulation-encoded light, using different spectral bin coded light components, can illuminate a stationary or moving (relative) target object or scene. Response signal processing can use information about the respective different time-varying modulation functions, to decode to recover information about a respective response parameter affected by the target object or scene. Electrical or optical modulation encoding can be used. LED-based spectroscopic analysis of a composition of a target (e.g., SpO2, glucose, etc.) can be performed; such can optionally include decoding of encoded optical modulation functions. Baffles or apertures or optics can be used, such as to constrain light provided by particular LEDs. Coded light illumination can be used with a focal plane array light imager receiving response light for inspecting a moving semiconductor or other target. Encoding can use orthogonal functions, such as an RGB illumination sequence, or a sequence of combinations of spectrally contiguous or non-contiguous colors.

An illumination unit is described that includes a first light source positioned on a first axis and a second light source on a second axis that intersects and is angularly offset with respect to the first axis. The illumination unit includes a reflector having an aperture through which the first axis extends and a reflective surface angled with respect to the first axis and second axis.

A plurality of color sensing sections are attached to a toilet seat so as to test a health state or a fecal occult blood portion every time by capturing the feces surface color during defecation. Before feces which have been excreted from a body sink into a water-seal portion, the circumference of the feces is optically captured to detect the color of the surface of the feces. By monitoring changes in color, the health state of the defecator is monitored. In particular, by checking the presence/absence of an occult blood portion, the present invention assists in early detection of colorectal cancer and allows a fecal occult blood test to be performed in a hygienic manner without burdening the user.

An illumination unit is described that includes a first light source positioned on a first axis and a second light source on a second axis that intersects and is angularly offset with respect to the first axis. The illumination unit includes a reflector having an aperture through which the first axis extends and a reflective surface angled with respect to the first axis and second axis.

An apparatus and a program are provided which are capable of simultaneously measuring, evaluating, imaging and displaying the biological function of sites with different biological functions, such as the brain and the muscle, different parts of the brain or different muscle locations, using near-infrared spectroscopy. In an apparatus for evaluating biological function K, physiological indices, including parameters derived from changes in deoxyhemoglobin concentration and changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration, are calculated by a calculating part of a controller. To measure simultaneously, evaluate, image and display the biological functions of sites with different biological function, such as the brain and the muscle, different parts of the brain or different muscle locations, these physiological indices from different sites of the living body are adjusted in such a way that they can be compared with each other by the calculating part and displayed by a display part.

Aspects of the embodiments are directed to compact and non-contact systems, methods, and devices for optical detection of target chemicals on/in samples are disclosed. Light of at least two different wavelengths, or different bands of wavelengths, interacts with a target chemical, and at least some of the light that has interacted with the target chemical is incident on at least two photodetectors. Each of the photodetectors is configured to detect light of a different wavelength, or a different band of wavelengths, that has interacted with the target chemical. A processing logic is configured to compute a ratio between a parameter indicative of the intensity of light detected by one photodetector and a parameter indicative of the intensity of light detected by the other photodetector, and to determine the presence and/or the amount of the target chemical based on the computed ratio.

The present invention relates to methods for treating iron deficiency in a subject comprising noninvasively determining the hemoglobin level in the subject, and providing the subject with an iron supplement accordingly.