The present invention provides an image processing method for CDSEM for determining a measuring range of an image of a target pattern measured by a CDSEM machine. The image processing method of CDSEM comprises: obtaining a first gray scale image based on the image of the target pattern; performing Fourier transform to the first gray scale image to obtain a first frequency spectrum distribution; filtering out frequency spectrum components whose absolute values of ordinate are greater than preset threshold in the first frequency spectrum distribution to obtain a second frequency spectrum distribution, the preset threshold relates to the background noise and the signal frequency of SRAF features; and determining the measuring range based on the second frequency spectrum distribution.

A personal hand-held monitor (PHHM) comprising a signal acquisition device for acquiring signals which can be used to derive a measurement of a parameter related to the health of the user, wherein the signal acquisition device comprises a blood photosensor having one or more photo-emitters for transmitting light to a body part of a user, one or more photo-detectors for detecting light transmitted through or scattered by the body part and two or more optical cells, at least one of which contains an analyte to be detected or which mimics the absorption spectrum of the analyte to be detected, through which the light that has been or will be transmitted through or scattered by the body part passes before it reaches the or each photo-detector, wherein the processor of the PHHM is adapted to process the signals received from the or each photo-detector to calculate the difference in intensity of light which has passed through the or each analyte cell and light which has passed through the or each non-analyte cell and to process signals obtained from the photosensor to provide a measurement of the concentration of the analyte in the user's blood, wherein either: ⋅the or each photo-emitter is a light-emitting diode (LED); ⋅an optical cell that mimics the absorption spectrum of the analyte to be detected is used and is a manufactured optical filter; ⋅the PHHM is adapted to provide optical signals at one or more additional wavelengths for transmission to the body part, and the processor of the PHHM is adapted to process signals at the or each additional wavelength to estimate the volume of blood in the field of view of the blood photosensor; or ⋅there is a ridge on the surface of the signal acquisition device between the photo-emitter(s) and the photo-detector(s).

An in-situ detection device for detecting water and fertilizer content in a crop cultivation substrate and a detection method thereof are provided. The in-situ detection device includes a water and fertilizer in-situ collector and a spectrum analysis device. The water and fertilizer in-situ collector that is pre-buried in the cultivation substrate is used to collect water and fertilizer in the cultivation substrate in real time to obtain a measurement sample. The spectral analysis device is used to emit a laser with a specific wavelength to detect and analyze content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the measurement sample collected by the water and fertilizer in-situ collector; and a continuous sampling system for continuously transporting the measurement sample is provided between the water and fertilizer in-situ collector and the spectrum analysis device.

A system and method for the spectrophotometric analysis of a sample of a liquid solution while it flows in a duct. The method determines the luminous intensity (I.sub.in) of a substantially monochromatic beam based on the cleaning state of a measurement chamber and/or ageing of at least one emitting device and/or ageing of at least one detecting device, whereby the worse is the cleaning state of the measurement chamber and/or the greater is the ageing state of the at least one emitting device and/or the at least one detecting device, the higher the luminous intensity (I.sub.in) of the substantially monochromatic beam.

A measuring device for determining a substance concentration of a fluid arranged in a measurement volume includes a source emitting a source spectrum, a wavelength-selective means arranged before the measurement volume, a measurement space limiting the measurement volume at least in a beam path, and a detector for measuring a wavelength-related absorption of a measurement spectrum having passes through the measurement volume. A fluorescence-reducing element is arranged in the beam path between the detector and the measurement volume. A beam splitter is arranged between the source and the measurement volume.

The present invention provides an image processing method for CDSEM for determining a measuring range of an image of a target pattern measured by a CDSEM machine. The image processing method of CDSEM comprises: obtaining a first gray scale image based on the image of the target pattern; performing Fourier transform to the first gray scale image to obtain a first frequency spectrum distribution; filtering out frequency spectrum components whose absolute values of ordinate are greater than preset threshold in the first frequency spectrum distribution to obtain a second frequency spectrum distribution, the preset threshold relates to the background noise and the signal frequency of SRAF features; and determining the measuring range based on the second frequency spectrum distribution.

A system for monitoring vibrations in a target region of interest may include a pulsed laser transmitter assembly, interferometric, telescope, and receiver optics, a photo-EMF detector assembly, signal conditioning/processing electronics, and a monitoring circuit/display. The detector assembly, which has a photo-EMF detector and amplifier circuits, generates an output signal indicative of the vibrations. A laser module outputs a source beam at a PRF of at least 2 Hz. A beam splitter device splits the source beam into separate interrogating and reference beams. The mirror directs the reference beam onto the photo-EMF detector for interference with a reflected return signal. The telescope optics generates an amplified return signal, and directs the amplified return signal to the photo-emf detector. The monitoring computer compares the output signal from the signal processor to a baseline to ascertain a difference therebetween, and generates a diagnostic signal indicative of the difference.

A system for monitoring vibrations in a target region of interest may include a pulsed laser transmitter assembly, interferometric, telescope, and receiver optics, a photo-EMF detector assembly, signal conditioning/processing electronics, and a monitoring circuit/display. The detector assembly, which has a photo-EMF detector and amplifier circuits, generates an output signal indicative of the vibrations. A laser module outputs a source beam at a PRF of at least 2 Hz. A beam splitter device splits the source beam into separate interrogating and reference beams. The mirror directs the reference beam onto the photo-EMF detector for interference with a reflected return signal. The telescope optics generates an amplified return signal, and directs the amplified return signal to the photo-emf detector. The monitoring computer compares the output signal from the signal processor to a baseline to ascertain a difference therebetween, and generates a diagnostic signal indicative of the difference.

A personal hand-held monitor (PHHM) comprising a signal acquisition device for acquiring signals which can be used to derive a measurement of a parameter related to the health of the user, wherein the signal acquisition device comprises a blood photosensor having one or more photo-emitters for transmitting light to a body part of a user, one or more photo-detectors for detecting light transmitted through or scattered by the body part and two or more optical cells, at least one of which contains an analyte to be detected or which mimics the absorption spectrum of the analyte to be detected, through which the light that has been or will be transmitted through or scattered by the body part passes before it reaches the or each photo-detector, wherein the processor of the PHHM is adapted to process the signals received from the or each photo-detector to calculate the difference in intensity of light which has passed through the or each analyte cell and light which has passed through the or each non-analyte cell and to process signals obtained from the photosensor to provide a measurement of the concentration of the analyte in the user's blood, wherein either: the or each photo-emitter is a light-emitting diode (LED); an optical cell that mimics the absorption spectrum of the analyte to be detected is used and is a manufactured optical filter; the PHHM is adapted to provide optical signals at one or more additional wavelengths for transmission to the body part, and the processor of the PHHM is adapted to process signals at the or each additional wavelength to estimate the volume of blood in the field of view of the blood photosensor; or there is a ridge on the surface of the signal acquisition device between the photo-emitter(s) and the photo-detector(s).

This N.sub.2O analysis device is provided with: a light source (11) which radiates laser light onto an exhaust gas (5) containing N.sub.2O, H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2; a light receiver (13) which receives the laser light that has been radiated onto the exhaust gas (5); a light source control unit (14a) of a control device (14), which controls the wavelength of the laser light radiated by the light source (11) to between 3.84 m and 4.00 m; and a signal analyzing unit (14b) of the control device (14), which calculates the N.sub.2O concentration by means of infrared spectroscopy, using the laser light received by the light receiver (13) and the laser light controlled by the light source control unit (14a) of the control device (14).