A method of gas detection comprises emitting radiation of different wavelengths across the absorption spectrum of a gas towards a target area; and analysing the spectrum of returned laser light from the target area to identify the gas in the target area using the time correlation of the emitted radiation and the returning radiation. The radiation is modulated using respective orthogonal modulation codes for the different wavelengths and the modulation codes are modified by the insertion of a gap between each bit of the modulation code, the gap having a duration of at least n-1 bits where n is the number of different wavelengths.

A remote detection apparatus to detect an oil pollutant comprises a light emitting module, an optical receiving device including a first lens, a band-pass filter, at least two second lenses and at least an optical fiber configured to receiving a reflected beam, a detector module, and a micro-controller. The apparatus further comprises a house including an optical window configured to protect the light emitting module, the optical receiving device, the detector module, and the micro-controller from harsh environmental conditions.

Described herein are devices and methods for simultaneously expressing amyloid precursor protein and TonB protein. These devices and methods increase the production of these two proteins while also minimizing costs, making the proteins more widely accessible for medical research purposes, including the development of diagnostic tests for numerous diseases associated with elevated production of amyloid proteins. The amyloid precursor protein and TonB produced by the devices and methods described herein, as well as the devices themselves, can be used in experiments designed to model the interactions between metals and amyloids such as β-amyloid that are characteristic of numerous diseases such as Alzheimer's. Finally, provided herein are diagnostic tests that can detect Alzheimer's disease in samples from patients; the tests are sensitive enough to identify diseases such as Alzheimer's even at pre-clinical stages, before the appearance of symptoms.

A system for measuring a target gas via laser absorption spectroscopy in an open-air configuration, comprising a mid-infrared distributed feedback interband cascade laser (mid-IR DFB-ICL) having a wavelength selected to correspond with a spectral absorption line of the target gas and first electronic circuitry to control the laser temperature, current and modulation frequency. The mid-IR DFB-ICL is mounted to a heat sink. The system includes an optical component that projects a beam of the mid-IR DFB-ICL onto a distal backscattering directionally-reflective target and an optical receiver assembly that receives a fraction of the laser light that is backscattered from the directionally-reflective target and focuses the collected light onto an uncooled photodetector having a spectral bandwidth and optical configuration selected to optimize signal-to-noise response to received laser light. The optical receiver assembly comprises a primary mirror for receiving laser light backscattered from the directionally-reflective target and focusing the collected light onto the uncooled photodetector.

The present invention provides a gas measuring method based on photothermal effect in hollow-core optical fiber comprising: filling a target gas into the core of a hollow-core optical fiber; coupling a probe light and a periodically modulated pump light into the hollow-core optical fiber; absorbing the pump light by the target gas resulting in the periodic modulation of the phase of the probe light; demodulating the phase modulation information of the probe light to obtain the concentration of the target gas, wherein the pump laser is wavelength and/or amplitude modulated. In the present invention, two lasers including a pump laser and a probe laser are used for the measurement, this approach is simple and practical. Also, the use of the hollow-core optical fiber with extremely-small core area greatly increases the optical power density, thus enhances the strength of the detected photothermal signal; this method allows ppb level gas measurement with high selectivity, and is universally suitable for the detection of gases with absorption in near-infrared.

This fluorescence observation method is a method of observing a living organism into which a fluorescent dye is injected. The method includes the steps of: irradiating the living organism with excitation light including a wavelength for exciting the fluorescent dye using a light irradiation means, acquiring a first fluorescence image of the living organism generated by the irradiation with the excitation light using an image acquisition means, specifying an observation object in the living organism on the basis of the first fluorescence image; acquiring a second fluorescence image of the observation object generated by the irradiation with the excitation light using the image acquisition means; and specifying a linear fluorescence pattern appearing in the second fluorescence image.

A substrate processing apparatus includes a supply channel through which a liquid to be supplied to a substrate flows; and a foreign substance detecting unit configured to detect a foreign substance in the liquid based on a signal obtained when light, which is near-infrared light, is radiated toward a flow path forming unit constituting a part of the supply channel by a light projector so that light is emitted from the flow path forming unit and a light receiver receives the light emitted from the flow path forming unit.

Techniques are disclosed relating to fluorescence-based flow cytometry. A flow cytometer may include a partially-reflective surface configured to reflect a first portion of fluorescent emissions from a sample to a first optical sensor and direct a second, greater portion of fluorescent emissions from the sample to a second optical sensor and a controller configured to determine a value representing the intensity of the fluorescent emissions based on a first measurement taken by the first optical sensor, a second measurement taken by the second optical sensor, or both. A flow cytometer may include a baseplate with a first side and a second, opposing side with a flow cell, a laser, and a reflective surface disposed above the first side and an optical sensor and isolating material disposed below the second side. The reflective surface receives fluorescent emissions and reflects at least a portion through the baseplate to the optical sensor. A flow cytometer may include a flow cell, a laser, a first optical sensor positioned to measure scattered laser light, a second optical sensor positioned to measure fluorescent emissions, and a controller configured to adjust the measurements taken by the second optical sensor based on a comparison of measurements taken by the first optical sensor with expected measurements based on a known beam profile of the laser beam.

A method for testing target nucleic acid includes the steps from (1) through (5) below: (1) mixing a specimen containing target nucleic acid with positive control nucleic acid to obtain a specimen mixture of the specimen and the positive control nucleic acid; (2) mixing the specimen mixture with a PCR buffer solution containing a surfactant to obtain a buffer solution mixture; (3) adding a portion of the buffer mixture to a solid composition for PCR control containing DNA polymerase, positive control nucleic acid, and PCR reaction control nucleic acid; (4) adding a portion of the buffer mixture to a solid composition for PCR reaction containing DNA polymerase and one or more kinds of PCR primer pair; and (5) detecting a PCR product generated as a result of the steps (3) and (4).

A single-wavelength light source is configured to generate an excitation light source. A sample holder that defines an inner cavity is capable of holding a sample and includes a surface transparent to the excitation light source. One or more mounts are attached to at least one of the light source or the sample holder. The mounts are configured to change an incident angle of the excitation light source on the surface. One or more optical components are positioned in a path of a fluorescence emission emitted from the surface and guide the fluorescence emission to a detector. A detector detects an intensity of the fluorescence emission.