Provided is a water examination device including: a main body; a fluid accommodation unit formed in the main body; a wave source for irradiating waves toward the fluid accommodation unit; a detector for detecting a laser speckle at every set time period that is set in advance, the laser speckle being generated due to multiple scattering of the waves in the fluid; a controller for estimating existence of impurities in the fluid in real-time by using the detected laser speckle; and a calibration unit for controlling the wave source or the detector such that an intensity of light irradiated from the wave source and measured by the detector is within a certain range set in advance.

Provided is a turbidity meter including a main body, a fluid container which is formed inside the main body and in which a fluid is accommodatable, a fluid inlet pipe which is connected to the fluid container and via which the fluid is supplied to the fluid container, a fluid outlet pipe which is connected to the fluid container and via which the fluid is discharged from the fluid container to the outside, a wave source configured to irradiate waves toward the fluid container, a detector configured to detect a laser speckle at every time point set in advance, the laser speckle being generated due to multiple scattering of the irradiated waves in the fluid, and a controller configured to estimate the presence or absence of impurities in the fluid in real-time by using the detected laser speckle.

An automatic analysis apparatus includes a reaction vessel configured to contain a reaction liquid in which a measuring object and a reagent are mixed with each other, an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the reaction vessel with irradiation light as predetermined incident light polarization, a measurement unit configured to measure light emitted from the reaction vessel, and a processor configured to process a signal having a specific polarization component obtained from the measurement unit and to analyze the measuring object. The specific polarization component is determined based on the condition of the reaction liquid.

An automatic analysis apparatus includes a reaction vessel configured to contain a reaction liquid in which a measuring object and a reagent are mixed with each other, an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the reaction vessel with irradiation light as predetermined incident light polarization, a measurement unit configured to measure light emitted from the reaction vessel, and a processor configured to process a signal having a specific polarization component obtained from the measurement unit and to analyze the measuring object. The specific polarization component is determined based on the condition of the reaction liquid.

[Solving Means] A signal processing apparatus is a signal processing apparatus for an optical tomographic measurement apparatus that generates measurement light and reference light and measures a tomographic structure of a measurement object on the basis of a signal intensity of interference light between the reference light and return light of the measurement light from the measurement object. An arithmetic unit is configured to calculate a signal intensity of simple reflection among the return light of the measurement light, the simple reflection being one time of reflection at a plurality of layers virtually set in a depth direction from a surface layer side of the measurement object. The arithmetic unit is configured to calculate a signal intensity of multiple reflection on the basis of the signal intensity of the simple reflection, the signal intensity of multiple reflection being a signal intensity of return light generated by being reflected at the plurality of layers three or more times.

Systems for analyzing fluids (e.g., gases) include a chamber structure with a reflective inner surface, emitters, a primary detector positioned to principally detect electromagnetic energy reflected numerous times through the gas(es) and a calibration detector positioned to detect electromagnetic energy not reflected numerous times through the gas(es). Calibration may be automatically performed. The primary detector relies principally on Raleigh scattering. An optional primary detector may be positioned to principally detect Raman scattered electromagnetic energy.

Provided is a water examination device including: a main body; a fluid accommodation unit formed in the main body; a wave source for irradiating waves toward the fluid accommodation unit; a detector for detecting a laser speckle at every set time period that is set in advance, the laser speckle being generated due to multiple scattering of the waves in the fluid; a controller for estimating existence of impurities in the fluid in real-time by using the detected laser speckle; and a calibration unit for controlling the wave source or the detector such that an intensity of light irradiated from the wave source and measured by the detector is within a certain range set in advance.

A method for determining a scattered light parameter, for example turbidity, in a medium using a measuring arrangement, the method including the steps of: transmitting excitation light into the medium, wherein the excitation light is scattered in the medium; receiving the light scattered in the medium; transmitting excitation light into the medium towards the medium surface, wherein the excitation light is reflected at the medium surface; receiving the light reflected from the medium surface; and determining the scattered light parameter, in particular turbidity, from the scattered light and reflected light. The present disclosure further discloses a measuring arrangement for performing the method.