A housing includes a first opening and a second opening, and encloses a light-emitting element, a first light receiving unit, and a second light receiving unit. The first opening is provided in a first light guide path arranged between the light-emitting element and a first irradiated region of the target surface, and is arranged so that light output from the light-emitting element travels toward the first irradiated region. The second opening is provided in a second light guide path arranged between the first irradiated region and the first light receiving unit, and is arranged so that diffused reflection light from the toner image passes through when the toner image passes the first irradiated region.

A glass article (10) as a transparent article has a haze value of 15% or less and a clarity value of 9% or less. Preferably, the product of the haze value, the clarity value, and the sparkle value is 0.5 or less.

In the method for optical monitoring and/or determination of properties on samples, monochromatic electromagnetic radiation with a predetermined wavelength is sequentially directed from several radiation sources onto a sample influenced by an electronic evaluation unit. The respective intensity specific to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation scattered and/or reflected by the sample is detected by at least one detector and fed to the electronic evaluation unit for spectrally resolved evaluation in order to use it to monitor and/or determine properties of the respective sample.

A droplet sensor includes an optical cover that forms part of a spheroid, a major axis of the spheroid being a vertical axis, a light emitting/receiving device disposed at a position offset from a first focal point of the spheroid along the major axis, and a reflector disposed in vicinity of a second focal point of the spheroid. The optical cover has an effective detection area between the light emitting/receiving device and the reflector. The effective detection area satisfies a total internal reflection condition at an interface with a gas, and does not satisfy the total internal reflection condition at an interface with a liquid. The reflector reflects, towards a light receiving surface of the light emitting/receiving device, light totally reflected by the effective detection area, or reflects, towards the effective detection area, light directly incident on the reflector from the light emitting/receiving device.

A method of determining a material property of an object. The method comprises: obtaining a real light intensity value for each of a first number of light source positions and each of a second number of light sensor positions, the real light intensity value indicating an intensity of light from the light source position that is reflected or diffused by an object to the light sensor position; determining a three-dimensional surface of the object; and for each of a plurality of points on the three-dimensional surface of the object, using a model that has been trained by machine learning, predicting the material property for the object at the point based on the obtained real light intensity values.

A measurement device includes: a first measurement unit, disposed at a first opposing position facing a portion of a sheet-like measurement target, that measures a first physical property of the measurement target by causing the measurement target to vibrate with an ultrasonic wave; a second measurement unit, disposed at a second opposing position facing another portion of the measurement target in a state in which the first measurement unit is facing the first portion, that pinches and restrains the other portion in a thickness direction and measures a second physical property other than the first physical property of the measurement target; and a disposed unit disposed between the first measurement unit and the second measurement unit in an intersecting direction with respect to the thickness direction of the measurement target.

An inspection system includes an acquisition unit and a determination unit. The acquisition unit acquires an image representing a surface of an object. The determination unit performs color determination processing. The color determination processing is performed to determine a color of the surface of the object based on a plurality of conditions of reflection. The plurality of conditions of reflection are obtained from the image representing the surface of the object as acquired by the acquisition unit, and have a specular reflection component and a diffuse reflection component at respectively different ratios on the surface of the object.

A method for extracting spectral information of a substance under test includes: identifying a pixel region A(x, y) occupied by an object under test from a hyperspectral image acquired; extracting a specular reflection region A.sub.q and a diffuse reflection region A.sub.r from the pixel region A(x, y), and calculating a representative spectrum I.sub.q(ω) of the specular reflection region A.sub.q and a representative spectrum I.sub.r(ω) of the diffuse reflection region A.sub.r, respectively; by comparing each element in the representative spectrum I.sub.q(ω) of the specular reflection region A.sub.q with each element in the representative spectrum I.sub.r(ω) of the diffuse reflection region A.sub.r, separating information of a light source from spectral information of the object to obtain a first spectral invariant C(ω). This method does not require additional spectral information of the light source, which improves the analysis efficiency.

The present disclosure provides a marbled molded product obtained by injection-molding, in a mold cavity, a mixture including: a thermoplastic resin including one selected from the group of polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and combinations thereof; and fine pigment particles, where a pattern forming a texture is formed on the surface of the injection-molded product. The present disclosure also provides a system for evaluating a marble color effect of a marbled molded product, the system including: a light source unit, an image-capturing unit, an image processing unit and an evaluation factor determination unit.

A method includes identifying a target surface in an environment of a robotic device. The method further includes controlling a moveable component of the robotic device to move along a motion path relative to the target surface, wherein the moveable component comprises a light source and a camera. The method additionally includes receiving a plurality of images from the camera when the moveable component is at a plurality of poses along the motion path and when the light source is illuminating the target surface. The method also includes determining bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) image data, wherein the BRDF image data comprises the plurality of images converted to angular space with respect to the target surface. The method further includes determining, based on the BRDF image data and by applying at least one pre-trained machine learning model, a material property of the target surface.