An example CO.sub.2 monitoring systems is configured for monitoring levels of CO.sub.2 in a wellbore. A CO.sub.2 monitoring system may include one or more laser monitoring tools. A laser monitoring tool may include an optical element to output a laser beam, a detector to receive the laser beam, a first chamber housing the optical element and detector, and a second chamber including an inlet and an outlet receive and release, respectively, wellbore fluid. The first chamber may be in fluid connection with second chamber via a gas permeable membrane. Gas may permeate from second chamber into first chamber. Gas in the first chamber is subjected to a laser beam. Absorption of light by the gas is measured, and content of gas is determined based at least in part on the amount of light absorption by the gas.

Various implementations, systems and methods are disclosed for continuous, near real-time, hands-off sampling of airborne particulate matter, and qualification and/or quantification of biomolecules in the sample representative for biologic or microbial contamination. The systems and methods may utilize an electrostatic precipitator for sampling the matter; and a measurement assembly configured to illuminate, excite, or breakdown the sampled matter by electromagnetic radiation, and to detect a spectrum, or one or more wavelength bands of the scatter emitted by the sample. In an exemplary implementation, a sputter deposition process is employed to configure the sample for an enhanced plasmon resonance. The measurement data may be transferred via wireless communication means for cloud storage and signal processing.

The invention relates to an apparatus for the optical in-situ gas analysis that comprises a housing; a measuring lance whose one, first end is connected to the housing and whose other, second end projects into the gas to be measured; a light transmitter arranged in the housing whose light is conducted into the measuring lance and is reflected onto a light receiver by a reflector arranged at the second end, wherein the optical path defines an optical measurement path within the measuring lance; a gas-permeable filter through which the gas to be measured moves into the measurement path; and an evaluation device for evaluating received light signals of the light receiver. To provide an improved apparatus with which the problem of the condensate formation can be counteracted better, provision is made that the measuring lance has an agitation apparatus for agitating the gas in the measuring lance.

Systems and methods for monitoring air particulate matter are provided herein that capture particles from the air for analysis. Particles are captured using electrostatic and/or mechanical means to deflect particles toward a substrate. Electrostatic precipitation causes charged carriers to deflect towards a charged substrate. Filtration-based means employ filters and/or fibers to capture particles from air flowing therethrough. A sensor such as a camera is used to read the captured particles. An illumination source directs light towards the substrate, causing the particles to scatter light, which the sensor can detect and derive information or imaging therefrom, which can also be used for further particle or pollution analyses. The substrate can be replenished using electrostatic techniques such as reverse electrostatic force, or mechanical means such as cleaning using a brush or replacing a tape substrate. Dynamic PM monitoring detects and makes adjustments such as those related to air volume, imaging characteristics and substrate replenishment.

An apparatus for an optical in-situ gas analysis includes a housing; a measuring lance whose one first end is connected to the housing and whose other second end projects into the gas to be measured; a light transmitter that is arranged in the housing and whose light is conducted into the measuring lance and is reflected by a reflector arranged at the second end onto a light receiver, and the optical path defines an optical measurement path within the measuring lance; a gas-permeable filter that is held in the measuring lance and in whose interior the measurement path is located: and an evaluation device for evaluating received light signals of the light receiver. It is proposed to be able to reduce the consumption of test gas that the measuring lance has coaxially arranged inner and outer pipes and the outer pipe has openings for the gas to be measured.

A laser absorption spectroscopy exhaust gas sensor includes an optical cell with porous walls having pores with a mean diameter in the range of 0.1 nm to 1 mm; gold mirrors within the optical cell positioned to support a multi-pass optical path within the optical cell; an active heating element adapted to heat the optical cell to prevent condensation; a laser adapted to generate a laser beam; an optical detector adapted to detect a returning laser beam; and a processor for controlling the laser and the active heating element and for analyzing signals from the optical detector to identify a gas in the optical cell.

Embodiments of a continuous dust accumulation monitoring system comprise an enclosure adapted for use in electrical hazardous locations, a sample area for collecting ambient dust, a dust accumulation sensor assembly installed in the enclosure configured to generate a signal based on the amount of ambient dust collected on the sample area and a circuit board within the enclosure configured to receive the signal from the dust accumulation sensor assembly. The continuous dust accumulation monitoring system may be connected to system control hardware.

Embodiments of a continuous dust accumulation monitoring system comprise an enclosure adapted for use in electrical hazardous locations, a sample area for collecting ambient dust, a dust accumulation sensor assembly installed in the enclosure configured to generate a signal based on the amount of ambient dust collected on the sample area and a circuit board within the enclosure configured to receive the signal from the dust accumulation sensor assembly. The continuous dust accumulation monitoring system may be connected to system control hardware.

An example CO.sub.2 monitoring systems is configured for monitoring levels of CO.sub.2 in a wellbore. A CO.sub.2 monitoring system may include one or more laser monitoring tools. A laser monitoring tool may include an optical element to output a laser beam, a detector to receive the laser beam, a first chamber housing the optical element and detector, and a second chamber including an inlet and an outlet receive and release, respectively, wellbore fluid. The first chamber may be in fluid connection with second chamber via a gas permeable membrane. Gas may permeate from second chamber into first chamber. Gas in the first chamber is subjected to a laser beam. Absorption of light by the gas is measured, and content of gas is determined based at least in part on the amount of light absorption by the gas.

Embodiments of a continuous dust accumulation monitoring system comprise an enclosure adapted for use in electrical hazardous locations, a sample area for collecting ambient dust, a dust accumulation sensor assembly installed in the enclosure configured to generate a signal based on the amount of ambient dust collected on the sample area and a circuit board within the enclosure configured to receive the signal from the dust accumulation sensor assembly. The continuous dust accumulation monitoring system may be connected to system control hardware.