Provided is a field-flow-fractionation apparatus that is configured to supply a carrier fluid to a waste fluid chamber through a fluid supply flow path at a flow rate higher than a set flow rate of a flow rate adjusting part at a timing between an end of analysis of a sample and a start of analysis of a subsequent sample, thereby forming a flow of the carrier fluid from the waste fluid chamber to the separation channel. Accordingly, the sample adhering to a separation membrane is separated from the separation membrane and is discharged from the outlet port.

The present disclosure describes a method, a system, and a computer program product of performing a separation on a field flow fractionator. In an embodiment, the method, the system, and the computer program product include executing, by a computer system, a set of logical operations measuring a mass flow control valve position of a control valve connected to a mass flow controller coupled to a field flow fractionator and a pressure control valve position of a control valve connected to a pressure controller coupled to the field fold fractionator in an optimal stability state, storing, by the computer system, the valve positions to a data store as preset values, and executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations retrieving the preset values from the data store and setting initial conditions for the controllers corresponding to the preset values, resulting in a switch mode of the field flow fractionator.

A field flow fractionation apparatus includes a separation channel provided with an inlet port and an outlet port at both ends and forming a space through which a carrier fluid flows between the inlet port and the outlet port, a separation membrane which is a wall surface that defines the separation channel and is parallel to a channel flow in which a carrier fluid flows in the separation channel from the inlet port toward the outlet port, and has a property of permeating the carrier fluid and not permeating particles to be separated, and a discharge port that discharges the carrier fluid having permeated through the separation membrane to outside. At least a part of the surface of the separation membrane is an ion exchangeable region in which a functional group having ion exchangeability is modified.

A field-flow fractionation device includes a separation channel, a carrier fluid supplier, a separation membrane, a waste liquid chamber, a cross-flow flow rate adjuster, and a carrier fluid adder. The carrier fluid adder is configured to add, to a flow of a carrier fluid having passed through the separation membrane, a flow of another carrier fluid at a carrier fluid adding position set on an upstream side of the cross-flow flow rate adjuster so that the flow rate of the carrier fluid flowing into the cross-flow flow rate adjuster is larger than the flow rate of the carrier fluid having passed through the separation membrane.

A field-flow fractionation device includes a separation channel, a carrier fluid supplier, a separation membrane, a waste liquid chamber, a cross-flow flow rate adjuster, and a carrier fluid adder. The carrier fluid adder is configured to add, to a flow of a carrier fluid having passed through the separation membrane, a flow of another carrier fluid at a carrier fluid adding position set on an upstream side of the cross-flow flow rate adjuster so that the flow rate of the carrier fluid flowing into the cross-flow flow rate adjuster is larger than the flow rate of the carrier fluid having passed through the separation membrane.

Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

The present disclosure describes a field flow fractionator (FFF). In an embodiment, the FFF includes a spacer including a core, and a coating covering the core. In an embodiment, the FFF includes a spacer including a core, and a coating covering the core, a bottom block including pins, and a top block including mating holes to receive the pins, where the spacer is configured to be positioned between the top block and the bottom block. In an embodiment, the FFF includes a spacer including a core including an opening, a top side, and a bottom side, a first coating covering the top side, and a second coating covering the bottom side, a top block configured to press on the first coating along a first periphery of the opening, and a bottom block configured to press on the second coating along a second periphery of the opening.

Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Provided is a field-flow-fractionation apparatus that is configured to supply a carrier fluid to a waste fluid chamber through a fluid supply flow path at a flow rate higher than a set flow rate of a flow rate adjusting part at a timing between an end of analysis of a sample and a start of analysis of a subsequent sample, thereby forming a flow of the carrier fluid from the waste fluid chamber to the separation channel. Accordingly, the sample adhering to a separation membrane is separated from the separation membrane and is discharged from the outlet port.