An apparatus detects gas in a high-voltage device, which is filled with an insulating medium. The apparatus has: an inlet configured for introducing a carrier gas; an outlet configured for discharging the carrier gas; at least one gas sensor configured to detect a gas; a first pump configured to convey the carrier gas in the apparatus; a membrane which comprises at least one semipermeable basic material, which is at least partially surrounded by the insulating medium, and which is arranged to be at least partially subjected to an incident flow of the carrier gas; a second pump configured to convey the carrier gas into the apparatus and out of the apparatus; and a separating column, which is arranged before the gas sensor. The gas sensor is a sensor array.

A liquid chromatograph includes: an analysis column; a sample loop that temporarily contains a mixed liquid of a sample and a mixture solvent; and a passage switch valve capable of switching a passage between a load position where the mixed liquid is temporarily held in the sample loop and an injection position where the mixed liquid held in the sample loop is sent to the analysis column. In the liquid chromatograph, a specific passage is formed in each of the load position and the injection position.

A sample injector for use in a fluid separation system for separating compounds of a fluidic sample in a mobile phase, the sample injector comprising a switchable valve, a sample loop in fluid communication with the valve and configured for receiving the fluidic sample, a metering device in fluid communication with the sample loop and configured for introducing a metered amount of the fluidic sample on the sample loop, and a control unit configured for controlling switching of the valve to transfer the sample loop between a low pressure state and a high pressure state via an intermediate state and for controlling the metering device during the intermediate state to at least partially equilibrate a pressure difference in the sample loop between the low pressure state and the high pressure state.

An autosampler sets an injection valve to be in a sample filling state when a sample loop is filled with a sample, and, after completion of filling with the sample, switches the injection valve to an intermediate state and first connects only one end of the sample loop to a liquid delivery channel and an analysis channel. After the above, the injection valve is switched to the sample injection state and the sample loop is interposed between the liquid delivery channel and the analysis channel, so that the sample is injected into the analysis channel.

An autosampler is switched selectively between an injecting mode where a sampling flow path is incorporated into an analysis flow path of a liquid chromatograph and a loading mode where the sampling flow path is not incorporated into the analysis flow path and injects a sample into the analysis flow path at a position farther upstream than a separation column by being switched to the injecting mode with the sample held in the sampling flow path, and includes a clog determiner configured to acquire a sending liquid pressure of a liquid sending pump that sends a mobile phase in the analysis flow path, obtain a variation value of the liquid sending pressure when the injecting mode and the loading mode are switched and determine presence or absence of a clog in a system incorporated into the analysis flow path in the injecting mode based on the obtained variation value.

Examples of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for detecting and mitigating stack pivoting exploits. In aspects, various “checkpoints” may be identified in software code. At each checkpoint, the current stack pointer, stack base, and stack limit for each mode of execution may be obtained. The current stack pointer for each mode of execution may be evaluated to determine whether the stack pointer falls within a stack range between the stack base and the stack limit of the respective mode of execution. When the stack pointer is determined to be outside of the expected stack range, a stack pivot exploit is detected and one or more remedial actions may be automatically performed.

Systems and methods are described to maintain a liquid sample segment of a sample transmitted through a transfer line from a remote sampling to an analysis system. A system, embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a sample transfer line configured to transport a liquid sample from a remote sampling system via gas pressure; a sample loop fluidically coupled with the sample transfer line, the sample loop configured to hold a sample fluid; and a backpressure chamber fluidically coupled with a gas pressure source and with the sample transfer line, the backpressure chamber configured to supply a backpressure against the liquid sample during transport through the sample transfer line.

A gas analyzer system (100, 200, 300) and methods of reducing sample carryover in a gas sample selector (102, 202, 302). The gas analyzer system (100, 200, 300) includes a gas chromatograph (104, 204, 304) and a gas sample selector (102, 202, 302). The gas sample selector (102, 202, 302) includes a multi-position selector valve (130, 230, 330), a flush valve (140, 240, 340), and a purge valve (150, 250, 350), as well as conduits providing flowpaths between them. When switching the flush valve (140, 240, 340) to connect the flush valve (140, 240, 340) vent and flush valve (140, 240, 340) outlet and flowing purge gas through the purge valve (150, 250, 350) port, the purge gas will flow to the selector (102, 202, 302) exit and to the flush valve (140, 240, 340) vent to remove sample gas from the flowpaths.

A gas analyzer system (100, 200, 300) and methods of reducing sample carryover in a gas sample selector (102, 202, 302). The gas analyzer system (100, 200, 300) includes a gas chromatograph (104, 204, 304) and a gas sample selector (102, 202, 302). The gas sample selector (102, 202, 302) includes a multi-position selector valve (130, 230, 330), a flush valve (140, 240, 340), and a purge valve (150, 250, 350), as well as conduits providing flowpaths between them. When switching the flush valve (140, 240, 340) to connect the flush valve (140, 240, 340) vent and flush valve (140, 240, 340) outlet and flowing purge gas through the purge valve (150, 250, 350) port, the purge gas will flow to the selector (102, 202, 302) exit and to the flush valve (140, 240, 340) vent to remove sample gas from the flowpaths.

A liquid chromatography system includes a solvent delivery system, a sample manager including a sample delivery system in fluidic communication with the solvent delivery system, the sample delivery system configured to inject a sample from a sample-vial into a chromatographic flow stream, a liquid chromatography column located downstream from the sample delivery system, and a detector located downstream from the liquid chromatography column. The sample delivery system further includes a first needle drive including a first sample needle configured to extract the sample from the sample-vial and deliver the sample to the liquid chromatography column, and a first syringe in communication with the first sample needle configured to meter extraction of the sample from the sample-vial. The sample manager further includes a sample automation system that includes a second needle drive including a second sample needle configured to add a volume of reagent to the sample-vial.