The invention concerns method and an apparatus for analyzing the quality and quantity of bubbles or droplets of a dispersed phase in a construction material. The method may be used on construction materials before or during curing of the material, while in a non-solid state with the dispersed phase being entrapped therein. The inventive analyzing includes the steps of: applying a first side of an at least partially transparent plate in contact with a sample of said construction material to make a surface of said sample visible through said transparent plate; illuminating said surface of said sample through said plate from an opposite second side of said plate with at least one light source; providing a photosensitive sensor on said second side of said plate for receiving light reflected from said sample through said transparent plate, receiving from said photosensitive sensor electrical signals corresponding to said received reflected light and rendering from said electrical signals a visual representation of said surface of said sample using an imaging device; analyzing said visual representation with a computer system, by identifying bubbles or droplets of said dispersed phase from the surface of the sample by a spatial illumination encoding of the sample; and by determining the size and location of identified bubbles or droplets of said dispersed phase.

Finally, an indication of the quality of said construction material is computed, based on the size and distribution of the identified bubbles or droplets of said dispersed phase in said sample.

A system for non-invasively measuring an analyte in a vehicle driver and controlling a vehicle based on a measurement of the analyte. At least one solid-state light source is configured to emit different wavelengths of light. A sample device is configured to introduce the light emitted by the at least one solid-state light source into tissue of the vehicle driver. One or more optical detectors are configured to detect a portion of the light that is not absorbed by the tissue of the vehicle driver. A controller is configured to calculate a measurement of the analyte in the tissue of the vehicle driver based on the light detected by the one or more optical detectors, determine whether the measurement of the analyte in the tissue of the vehicle driver exceeds a pre-determined value, and provide a signal to a device configured to control the vehicle.

An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes an optical sensor including a light source configured to emit light of multiple wavelengths onto an object, and including a plurality of detectors configured to detect light of each wavelength which is scattered or reflected from the object. The apparatus includes a processor configured to obtain spectra based on light of each wavelength which is detected by each detector, determine valid spectra of the obtained spectra, and estimate a bio-information value based on the valid spectra.

Optical property measurement using a sensor behind a display screen Examples of this application disclose a method for measuring optical properties of a target. The method comprises illuminating the target with an illumination area with a display screen in contact with the target, and analysing signals reflected from the target and transmitted back through the display screen to a sensor positioned behind the display screen, to determine the optical properties of the target.

This relates to systems and methods for measuring a concentration and type of substance in a sample at a sampling interface. The systems can include a light source, optics, one or more modulators, a reference, a detector, and a controller. The systems and methods disclosed can be capable of accounting for drift originating from the light source, one or more optics, and the detector by sharing one or more components between different measurement light paths. Additionally, the systems can be capable of differentiating between different types of drift and eliminating erroneous measurements due to stray light with the placement of one or more modulators between the light source and the sample or reference. Furthermore, the systems can be capable of detecting the substance along various locations and depths within the sample by mapping a detector pixel and a microoptics to the location and depth in the sample.

A fumed silica monolithic integrating cavity device. The device is configured to facilitate optical measurements taken from a sample positioned within a cavity of the device. The cavity is defined by a fumed silica monolith with the added feature of a fused quartz lining on the surface of the monolith. This provides an intermediate surface that allows for cleaning and reuse of the highly effective diffuse light scattering fumed silica monolith. Furthermore, the lining may be placed under pressure or vacuum to structurally enhance mechanical integrity of the underlying monolith. Thus, continued or reliably repeated use of the device may be appreciated as well as use in more industrial environments that are prone to vibration.

An apparatus for generating a two dimensional map representative of a turbid or clear medium (11) includes a system (12) for generating incoherent light within a medium (11), a light collecting system (13) that is movable or stationary relative to the medium (11) being analyzed and that is arranged for collecting light exiting the medium (11), and a spectrum analyzer (14) configured to determine spectrum data of the light exiting the turbid medium (11) and to transmit the spectrum data to a computing unit (15). The computing unit (15) is configured to generate a two dimensional map, in which one dimension of the map is wavelength and a second dimension is a position of the light collecting system (13). The invention is also direct-ed to a method for classifying media using the two dimensional map generated with the apparatus. The method comprises steps of feeding and training neural networks and using the trained neural networks to classify unknown media.

A system for performing near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitors tissue oxygenation and/or hemodynamics. The system comprises a sensor coupled to a controller and/or processing device. The sensor comprises a light source which is operable to emit light of various distinct wavelengths and a detector which is operable to collect corresponding backscattered light.

The present disclosure provides a measuring device for biological tissue by using an optical sensor, the device being compact enough to fit in a user's hand and casually usable by the user. The measuring device is provided with: an optical sensor that measures optical data about an object of measurement through a measurement surface in contact with the object of measurement by irradiating the object of measurement with light from a light emitter and causing a light receiver to receive reflected light that is reflected from the object of measurement, the object of measurement being a portion of biological tissue; a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the optical sensor; and a data processor that processes the optical data on the basis of the temperature of the optical sensor and derives a measurement result pertaining to the object of measurement on the basis of the processed optical data.

A sensor may include a light source, a light detector, and a housing. The housing may have a first upper side and extend from the first upper side, a first cavity and a second cavity. The light detector is arranged in the first cavity. The light source is arranged in the second cavity. A strut may be arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity and is made from a material that absorbs or reflects light. A first cover may be mounted above the first cavity and comprises a deflection region and a plane of incidence. The deflection region is designed such that 80% of the light which is incident in the deflection region on the plane of incidence of the first cover from a predetermined direction and which is incident on the light detector, is directed away from the light detector based on an optical element.