Apparatuses and systems for a die-integrated aspheric mirror are described herein. One apparatus includes an ion trap die including a number of ion locations and an aspheric mirror integrated with the ion trap die.

The present disclosure provides a method for reducing noise in AES detection, including steps: obtaining G based on a sub-array {tilde over (Z)} of detection data; for each element in G, forming a set of data using three adjacent elements including the element in a column direction, and sorting the set of data in a descending order to obtain an array {tilde over (D)}; performing normalization processing on the array {tilde over (D)} to obtain an array D; for each element in {tilde over (Z)}, forming a set of data using three adjacent elements including the element in the column direction, and sorting the set of data in a descending order to obtain an array U of m rows by n columns; calculating a noise difference value in the column direction, i.e., an array C of m rows by n−1 columns; formulating a noise array N of m rows by n columns; and constructing a new sub-array P.sup.N.

An atomic interferometer and methods for measuring phase shifts in interference fringes using the same. The atomic interferometer has a laser beam traversing an ensemble of atoms along a first path and an optical components train with at least one alignment-insensitive beam routing element configured to reflect the laser beam along a second path that is anti-parallel with respect to the first laser beam path. Any excursion from parallelism of the second beam path with respect to the first is rigorously independent of variation of the first laser beam path in yaw parallel to an underlying plane.

A method and apparatus for introducing droplets of liquid sample into an analysis device using a gas stream, the droplets being produced by the application of acoustic energy to a quantity of liquid sample. Acoustic energy may be applied to a quantity of liquid sample located on a solid surface of a sample support so as to eject a droplet of sample from the quantity of sample; the droplet of sample may be entrained in a gas stream; and the droplet of sample may be transported into the analysis device using the gas stream.

Apparatuses and systems for a die-integrated aspheric mirror are described herein. One apparatus includes an ion trap die including a number of ion locations and an aspheric mirror integrated with the ion trap die.

A method for measuring a magnetic field includes radiating a microwave field having a first frequency into at least one measuring location in a crystal, which comprises optically excitable color center defects at the measuring location, radiating excitation light and detecting resulting fluorescence light, applying a deformation force which results in local mechanical strain, wherein an applied first deformation force is selected such that the first frequency corresponds to a resonance frequency of the color center defects under the action of the first deformation force without the magnetic field to be measured and the detected fluorescence light becomes minimal. The method further includes placing the sensor into the magnetic field to be measured to bring about a shift in the resonance frequency and varying the applied deformation force to compensate the shift in the resonance frequency until a minimum fluorescence signal is again acquired at a second deformation force.

A spectroscopy system is described. The spectroscopy system includes a cell, a photodiode, and mirrors. The cell has walls forming a chamber therein. The chamber is configured to receive laser signal(s) and retaining a vapor therein. The vapor fluoresces in response to the laser signal(s). The mirrors are configured to direct fluorescent light from the vapor toward the photodiode. In some embodiments, the spectroscopy system is incorporated with a photonic integrated circuit.

The invention discloses an atomic fluorescence analysis method and device using water as a carrier fluid, belonging to the atomic fluorescence analysis in the field of analytical chemistry; the method is to replace hydrochloric acid and a reducing agent with water as the carrier fluid in the conventional sampling and fluid delivery process to carry the test liquid and reagent into the reactor to complete a reaction. The invention effectively overcomes the memory effect by using water as the carrier fluid and improves the determination sensitivity and accuracy, which saves a large amount of high-purity hydrochloric acid and reducing agent at the same time, greatly reducing the analysis cost, and significantly improving the operating environment, which is the innovation of atomic fluorescence analysis technology.

An apparatus for individually trapping atoms, individually imaging the atoms, and individually cooling the atoms to prevent loss of the atoms from the trap caused by the imaging. The apparatus can be implemented in various quantum computing, sensing, and metrology applications (e.g., in an atomic clock).

A method is disclosed for increasing an intensity of a signal detected in a spectroscopy device using a vapor cell and a spectroscopy device using the same. An operation method of the spectroscopy device may include: causing a first light for exciting an atom trapped in a vapor cell in a first hyperfine ground state to a first excited state to be incident on the vapor cell; causing a second light for exciting an atom trapped in the vapor cell in a second hyperfine ground state to a second excited state to be incident on the vapor cell; causing a third light for exciting the atom in the second excited state to a third excited state to be incident on the vapor cell; and detecting fluorescence which is emitted while the atom in the third excited state returns to the ground state.