A shutter assembly includes a first shutter blade having a first toothed arm extending therefrom and a first light transmitting aperture therein, and a second shutter blade positioned adjacent and parallel to the first shutter blade. The second shutter blade has a second toothed arm extending therefrom and a second light transmitting aperture therein. The first and second shutter blades are supported to allow parallel linear motion. A motor gear is disposed between, and meshed with, the first and second toothed arms such that rotation of the gear causes the first and second shutter blades to move linearly in opposite directions between an open position in which the first and second light transmitting apertures are in an overlapping relationship with respect to one another, and a closed position in which the first and second light transmitting apertures are in a non-overlapping relationship with respect to one another.

In an endoscope system, a first actuator is configured to move a first optical member when a control signal is applied to the first actuator. A second actuator is configured to move a second optical member only when the control signal having a signal value greater than or equal to a predetermined value is applied to the second actuator. A signal source is configured to apply the control signal having the signal value greater than or equal to the predetermined value or the control signal having a signal value less than the predetermined value to the first actuator and is configured to apply the control signal having the signal value greater than or equal to the predetermined value to the second actuator.

The present disclosure, among other things, describes a reader system comprising a casing, an optical system, an electromechanical motor system, and one or more digital processors.

The present invention is one that intends to achieve improvements in both analysis efficiency and analysis accuracy without difficulty, and a biological substance analysis device that analyzes light derived from a biological substance in a sample, and the biological substance analysis device includes: a holder that holds multiple containers containing the sample; a photodetector that is fixed at a predetermined position; a holder driving mechanism that moves the holder to position each of the containers held in the holder at a detection position by the photodetector in sequence; and a light shielding mechanism that, while guiding light emitted from the sample in a container at the detection position to the photodetector, prevents light emitted from the sample in the other containers from being guided to the photodetector.

Provided are systems and methods to filter infrared spectrum radiation that can be integrated with a compact optical system for an infrared imaging system. The optical system includes an objective lens element configured to receive and transmit infrared (IR) radiation from a scene, where the IR radiation from the scene includes a particular range of wavelengths corresponding to an absorption spectrum or a transmission spectrum of a gas. The optical system also includes a spectral lens element configured to receive the IR radiation transmitted through the objective lens element, where the spectral lens element comprises a first interference filter disposed on a first surface of the spectral lens element. The interference filter is configured to filter the IR radiation transmitted through the objective lens element to a narrower wavelength band that includes the particular range of wavelengths.

The invention relates to a system (15) for observing a plate (10) including wells (20), including, for each well (20): a source (40) comprising a light-emitting diode (60) capable of producing a light ray, a pinhole (70), and a light integrator (65), an optical sensor (185) able to collect the optical signal from the well (20), the system (15) being such that: a ratio between the length and the average transverse dimension (Dt) of each light integrator (65) is greater than or equal to 2.2, or at least one optical axis is off-centered relative to the propagation line, the ratio between the length and the average transverse dimension of the integrator being greater than or equal to 1.5.

In an endoscope system, a first actuator is configured to move a first optical member when a control signal is applied to the first actuator. A second actuator is configured to move a second optical member only when the control signal having a signal value greater than or equal to a predetermined value is applied to the second actuator. A signal source is configured to apply the control signal having the signal value greater than or equal to the predetermined value or the control signal having a signal value less than the predetermined value to the first actuator and is configured to apply the control signal having the signal value greater than or equal to the predetermined value to the second actuator.

A method for inspection of a surface of a sheet moving in a direction, in which the surface is illuminated with first and second light sources, with the first light source emitting light under a first incidence angle range onto a first surface area and the second light source emitting light under a second incidence angle range onto a second surface area of the surface of the sheet. The first and second light sources are operated in pulsed fashion in alternation with a stipulated pulse frequency so that the surface of the sheet is illuminated in alternation with the pulse frequency in the first surface area and the second surface area and the first surface area illuminated by the first light source is observable by an inspector via a mirror in the bright field and the second surface area illuminated by the second light source is observable by the inspector via the mirror in the dark field.

The present invention relates to measuring hydroxyl in an atmosphere, including forwarding sunlight and ultraviolet light into a gas cell; switching between nitrogen gas only, or nitrogen gas and water vapor, into the gas cell; emitting ultraviolet rays into the cell which breaks down the water vapor into hydroxyl; and detecting a difference between two states, including 1) an OFF state where only nitrogen gas does not react to the ultraviolet light or the sunlight and there is no OH filter and the detector detects light that OH absorbs; and 2) an ON state where the water vapor is broken down by the ultraviolet rays to produce hydroxyl, and the gas cell acts as an OH filter and does not detect the light that OH absorbs; where a difference in signals measured by the detector in the two states is proportional to a column abundance of OH in earth atmosphere.

The present invention is one that intends to achieve improvements in both analysis efficiency and analysis accuracy without difficulty, and a biological substance analysis device that analyzes light derived from a biological substance in a sample, and the biological substance analysis device includes: a holder that holds multiple containers containing the sample; a photodetector that is fixed at a predetermined position; a holder driving mechanism that moves the holder to position each of the containers held in the holder at a detection position by the photodetector in sequence; and a light shielding mechanism that, while guiding light emitted from the sample in a container at the detection position to the photodetector, prevents light emitted from the sample in the other containers from being guided to the photodetector.