An autonomous biobuoy system and methods for detecting characteristics of a marine environment, the system involving: a light source comprising a blue light emitting diode; a detector assembly for detecting the at least one characteristic of the marine environment, the detector assembly having a single photodiode configured to detect stimulated bioluminescence and transmissivity in response to the light source, the detector assembly configured to generate at least one detector assembly output signal responsive to at least one detected characteristic; and a transmitter coupled with the detector assembly for transmitting the at least one detector assembly output signal.

The invention relates to a device and method for determining the haematocrit and/or haemoglobin level of a liquid flowing in a tubular portion (2), the method comprising:—emitting light beams in the direction of the tubular portion (2) with at least two light sources (11; 21), each of the two light sources (11; 21) being configured to emit light beams at an emission wavelength chosen to correspond to an isobestic point of the haemoglobin;—receiving light signals transmitted through the tubular portion (2) with at least two light sensors (12; 22), each light sensor (12; 22) being associated with one of the two light sources (11; 21);—calculating the haematocrit or haemoglobin level in the liquid by processing the light signals received by the light sensors (12; 22); characterised in that the emission power of at least one of the light sources (11; 21) is modified while the haematocrit and/or the haemoglobin level is determined according to the haematocrit and/or respectively the haemoglobin level calculated for the liquid.

A device for emitting electromagnetic radiation, in particular UV radiation, including at least one radiating unit that only emits radiation at visible wavelengths. The device further includes a unit for detecting a functional error of the radiating unit. In practice, the radiating unit is provided for emitting only UV radiation and/or IR radiation and is formed by a light diode. The detection unit is designed to continuously monitor the radiating unit for functional errors, and the device includes an open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit which is provided to automatically switch off the radiating unit and/or display the functional error, upon detection of the functional error by the detection unit.

An absorbance detector and a chromatograph with which it is possible to constantly obtain a maximum quantity of light without suppressing a drive current, even when disposed within a column oven. The disclosure includes a light-emitting unit having LED elements; a light-receiving unit having a photodiode; an absorbance detector cell comprising a cell in which a specimen is accommodated, the absorbance detector cell being disposed between the light-emitting unit and the light-receiving unit; an LED control unit for outputting a drive current to the LED elements; and a temperature sensor for detecting the surrounding temperature around the LED elements.

According to the present invention, oxidized and reduced regions of graphene can be accurately detected in a short time using a terahertz wave so as to measure the conductivity of graphene, and thus the time required to test the conductivity of graphene can be reduced. In addition, when an oxidized region exists in graphene, the oxidized region can be immediately reduced by irradiating an electromagnetic wave thereto so as to increase the conductivity of graphene and thus minimize the time required to restore graphene.

A method for operating an optical measuring system including a wavelength-tunable temperature-stabilized laser light source for measuring the concentration of a target gas in a measured gas, wherein an instantaneous base current I.sub.DC_ZG,act corresponding to a wavelength .sub.ZG of a target gas absorption line is set so that a wavelength distance .sub.DC defined during calibration between a target gas absorption line for a target gas and a reference gas absorption line for a reference gas is maintained. During operation, a temperature difference in the laser light source, defined in advance during calibration, between the operating points selected at the time of calibration of the reference gas, with a base current I.sub.DC_RG,cal, and the target gas, with a base current I.sub.DC_ZG,cal, is maintained by determining the required instantaneous base current I.sub.DC_ZG,act for the target gas, as a function of an instantaneous base current I.sub.DC_RG,act for the reference gas.

A method for operating an optical measuring system including a wavelength-tunable temperature-stabilized laser light source for measuring the concentration of a target gas component in a measured gas, wherein an instantaneous base current I.sub.DC_ZG,act corresponding to a wavelength .sub.ZG of a target gas absorption line is set so that a wavelength distance .sub.DC defined during calibration between a target gas absorption line for a target gas component and a reference gas absorption line for a reference gas component is maintained. During operation, a relative temperature difference in the laser light source, defined in advance during calibration, between the operating points selected at the time of calibration of the reference gas, with a base current I.sub.DC_RG,cal, and the target gas component, with a base current I.sub.DC_ZG,cal, is maintained by determining the required instantaneous base current I.sub.DC_ZG,act for the target gas component, as a function of an instantaneous base current I.sub.DC_RG,act for the reference gas. The system includes a measuring system for carrying out the method.

According to the present invention, oxidized and reduced regions of graphene can be accurately detected in a short time using a terahertz wave so as to measure the conductivity of graphene, and thus the time required to test the conductivity of graphene can be reduced. In addition, when an oxidized region exists in graphene, the oxidized region can be immediately reduced by irradiating an electromagnetic wave thereto so as to increase the conductivity of graphene and thus minimize the time required to restore graphene.

A control apparatus includes a data acquiring unit configured to acquire a measured signal obtained by measuring light emitted from a test object onto which light is irradiated, a processing unit configured to calculate an objective function that varies in accordance with a statistical value obtained by statistically processing the measured signal, and a controller configured to control a modulation amount of a wavefront of the light irradiated onto the test object so as to minimize the objective function.

A device for emitting electromagnetic radiation, in particular UV radiation, including at least one radiating unit that only emits radiation at visible wavelengths. The device further includes a unit for detecting a functional error of the radiating unit. In practice, the radiating unit is provided for emitting only UV radiation and/or IR radiation and is formed by a light diode. The detection unit is designed to continuously monitor the radiating unit for functional errors, and the device includes an open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit which is provided to automatically switch off the radiating unit and/or display the functional error, upon detection of the functional error by the detection unit.