Systems, devices, and methods for a trace-gas sensor configured to generate a raw detector signal (118) based on a gas sample; an analog processing configured to filter, amplify, lock-in, and/or normalize the generated raw detector signal; analog to digital converters configured to convert the filtered and amplified detector signal to a digital signal; and a drive computer configured to: receive the converted digital signal from the analog to digital converters; and apply a spectroscopic model to the received digital signal to extract one or more properties of the gas sample.

Apparatus and methods for analyzing single molecule and performing nucleic acid sequencing. An apparatus can include an assay chip that includes multiple pixels with sample wells configured to receive a sample, which, when excited, emits emission energy; at least one element for directing the emission energy in a particular direction; and a light path along which the emission energy travels from the sample well toward a sensor. The apparatus also includes an instrument that interfaces with the assay chip. The instrument includes an excitation light source for exciting the sample in each sample well; a plurality of sensors corresponding the sample wells. Each sensor may detect emission energy from a sample in a respective sample well. The instrument includes at least one optical element that directs the emission energy from each sample well towards a respective sensor of the plurality of sensors.

A repair welding inspection device includes a memory that stores instructions and a processor that executes the instructions. The instructions cause the processor to perform acquiring a second threshold, which is different from a first threshold which is a determination threshold for inspection of welding performed before performing repair welding, and the second threshold being a determination threshold for inspection of the repair welding, and performing inspection after the repair welding by using the second threshold.

An embodiment provides a method for measuring sulfite in a solution, including: preparing a hemicyanine indicator; introducing the hemicyanine indicator to a solution containing an amount of sulfite, wherein the hemicyanine indicator reacts with the sulfite and causes a change in fluorescence of the solution; and measuring the amount of sulfite in the solution by measuring an intensity of the fluorescence. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Aspects of the present disclosure include reconfigurable integrated circuits for characterizing particles of a sample in a flow stream. Reconfigurable integrated circuits according to certain embodiments are programmed to calculate parameters of a particle in a flow stream from detected light; compare the calculated parameters of the particle with parameters of one or more particle classifications; classify the particle based on the comparison between the parameters of the particle classifications and the calculated parameters of the particle; and adjust one or more parameters of the particle classifications based on the calculated parameters of the particle. Methods for characterizing particles in a flow stream with the subject integrated circuits are also described. Systems and integrated circuit devices programmed for practicing the subject methods, such as on a flow cytometer, are also provided.

Instrument control and data acquisition in advanced analytic systems that utilize optical pulses for sample analysis are described. Clocking signals for data acquisition, data processing, communication, and/or other data handling functionalities can be derived from an on-board pulsed optical source, such as a passively mode-locked laser. The derived clocking signals can operate in combination with one or more clocking signals from a stable oscillator, so that instrument operation and data handling can tolerate interruptions in operation of the pulsed optical source.

An analysis apparatus (100) includes an image acquisition unit (110) and an analysis unit (120). The image acquisition unit (110) acquires image data of a microfossil in a sample collected from a stratum. The analysis unit (120) analyzes the image data acquired by the image acquisition unit (110) using a machine learning result to analyze a taxon or kind of the microfossil in the image data.

Apparatus and methods for analyzing single molecule and performing nucleic acid sequencing. An apparatus can include an assay chip that includes multiple pixels with sample wells configured to receive a sample, which, when excited, emits emission energy; at least one element for directing the emission energy in a particular direction; and a light path along which the emission energy travels from the sample well toward a sensor. The apparatus also includes an instrument that interfaces with the assay chip. The instrument includes an excitation light source for exciting the sample in each sample well; a plurality of sensors corresponding the sample wells. Each sensor may detect emission energy from a sample in a respective sample well. The instrument includes at least one optical element that directs the emission energy from each sample well towards a respective sensor of the plurality of sensors.

The prism-coupling systems and methods include using a prism-coupling system to collect a 2D digital mode spectrum of an IOX article. The mode line and critical angle positions and orientations are found by performing a weighted fit to mode line and critical angle images and are used to define a compensated mode spectrum. If mode line tilt is found, it is removed from the 2D digital mode spectrum to define the compensated mode spectrum. The compensated mode spectrum is then processed using techniques known in the art to provide a more accurate estimate of stress-related characteristics of the IOX sample versus using the uncompensated mode spectrum. Derivative-based methods of accurately establishing positions of intensity transitions in a mode spectrum of an IOX sample using a derivative spectrum and curve fitting are also disclosed.

Apparatus and methods for analyzing single molecule and performing nucleic acid sequencing. An apparatus can include an assay chip that includes multiple pixels with sample wells configured to receive a sample, which, when excited, emits emission energy; at least one element for directing the emission energy in a particular direction; and a light path along which the emission energy travels from the sample well toward a sensor. The apparatus also includes an instrument that interfaces with the assay chip. The instrument includes an excitation light source for exciting the sample in each sample well; a plurality of sensors corresponding the sample wells. Each sensor may detect emission energy from a sample in a respective sample well. The instrument includes at least one optical element that directs the emission energy from each sample well towards a respective sensor of the plurality of sensors.