The present specification provides a detector for an X-ray imaging system. The detector includes at least one high resolution layer having high resolution wavelength-shifting optical fibers, each fiber occupying a distinct region of the detector, at least one low resolution layer with low resolution regions, and a single segmented multi-channel photo-multiplier tube for coupling signals obtained from the high resolution fibers and the low resolution regions.

A system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a generator-detector configured to be attached to a pipe. The generator-detector is configured to measure the concentration of mercury in the pipe in a non-destructive manner. A method is also disclosed.

The present specification provides a detector for an X-ray imaging system. The detector includes at least one high resolution layer having high resolution wavelength-shifting optical fibers, each fiber occupying a distinct region of the detector, at least one low resolution layer with low resolution regions, and a single segmented multi-channel photo-multiplier tube for coupling signals obtained from the high resolution fibers and the low resolution regions.

An apparatus for analyzing a core sample obtained from a subterranean formation includes a neutron generator, a plurality of detectors, a computed tomography scanner, an information processing device, and a transport system. The neutron generator can operate in a pulsed mode and emit neutrons into the core sample.

A wide area cosmogenic neutron sensor is used for detecting moisture within a measurement surface. A neutron detector is positioned on a stand structure holding the detector above a measurement surface. A moderator material and neutron shield are positioned around at least a portion of the neutron detector. The neutron shield substantially covers an entirety of a bottom of the neutron detector and is not positioned on a top side of the neutron detector. Wide area cosmogenic neutrons propagating from the measurement surface travel through an air space before arriving at the moderated neutron detector.

The neutron emission unit is configured to emit neutrons such that a center axis (Nh) of neutron emission intersects a center axis direction of collimators (23a to 23e). A calculation unit is capable of generating information about an inspection object in the center axis direction of the collimators, based on position information of the neutron detector and/or position information of the neutron emission unit, information about an angle (θ1) at which the center axis of the neutron emission intersects the center axis direction of the collimators, and a neutron amount detected by the neutron detector.

A neutron emission unit is configured to emit neutrons such that a center axis (Nh) of a neutron emission intersects a center axis direction of collimators (23a to 23e). A calculation unit is capable of generating information about an inspection object in the center axis direction of the collimators, based on position information of a neutron detector and/or position information of the neutron emission unit, information about an angle (θ1) at which the center axis of the neutron emission intersects the center axis direction of the collimators, and a neutron amount detected by the neutron detector.

An apparatus for cosmogenic neutron sensing to detect moisture includes a thermal neutron proportional counter. A housing is formed at least partially from a moderating material, which is positioned around the thermal neutron proportional counter. A proportional counter electronics unit is within the housing and has a preamplifier and a shaping amplifier. The preamplifier and shaping amplifier are directly connected to the thermal neutron proportional counter. At least one photovoltaic panel provides electrical power to the thermal neutron proportional counter. A data logger is positioned vertically above the thermal neutron proportional counter and proportional counter electronics unit. A signal from the thermal neutron proportional counter is transmitted through the proportional counter electronics unit and is received by the data logger. The signal indicates a moisture content within a measurement surface of the thermal neutron proportional counter.

A wide area cosmogenic neutron sensor is used for detecting moisture within a measurement surface. A neutron detector is positioned on a stand structure holding the detector above a measurement surface. A moderator material and neutron shield are positioned around at least a portion of the neutron detector. The neutron shield substantially covers an entirety of a bottom of the neutron detector and is not positioned on a top side of the neutron detector. Wide area cosmogenic neutrons propagating from the measurement surface travel through an air space before arriving at the moderated neutron detector.

A system and method is provided to determine the moisture content in a sample material undergoing elemental activation analysis (EAA), the sample material containing at least one sample element which during EAA forms an activation product. The method comprises the steps of (i) positioning a reference material in vicinity of the sample material, the reference material containing a reference element having a thermal neutron capture cross-section of at least 1 barn, the reference material selected such that its product isotope of a thermal neutron capture reaction is a radioisotope that emits gamma-rays, (ii) irradiating the sample material and the reference material with a source of fast neutrons to produce thermal neutrons in the sample material and (iii) detecting gamma-rays emitted from the reference material and generating signals representative of the detected gamma-rays, (iv) calculating a factor, R, proportional to the thermal neutron flux based on the generated signals and (v) identifying, from a relationship relating moisture content to R, the moisture content in the sample material.