A method is disclosed for demonstrating the cleansing efficacy of a personal care product or a component thereof, the method comprising: (i) selecting a first portion of a porous article capable of allowing a gas to pass through its pores, wherein the porous article is connected to a source of said gas and immersed in a liquid while the source releases said gas which flows out of said pores to generate gas bubbles; (ii) treating the first portion of the porous article with contaminants; (iii) treating the first portion of the porous article with the personal care product or the component thereof, wherein a second portion of the porous article is selected in step (i); the second portion is also treated with contaminants in step (ii); and the second portion is treated with a comparative or placebo product in step (iii); and wherein following step (iii) the method comprises a step (iv) of assessing a change of the treated first portion relative to untreated article and/or relative to the treated second portion, the change is the amount of gas bubbles released from the porous article.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for evaluating a tissue sample that has been removed from a subject. A change in speed of the energy traveling through the sample is evaluated to monitor changes in the biological sample during processing. The rate of change in the speed of the energy is correlated with the extent of diffusion. A system for performing the method can include a transmitter that outputs the energy and a receiver configured to detect the transmitted energy. A time-of-flight of acoustic waves and rate of change thereof is monitored to determine an optimal time for soaking the tissue sample in a fixative.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for evaluating a tissue sample that has been removed from a subject. A change in speed of the energy traveling through the sample is evaluated to monitor changes in the biological sample during processing. The rate of change in the speed of the energy is correlated with the extent of diffusion. A system for performing the method can include a transmitter that outputs the energy and a receiver configured to detect the transmitted energy. A time-of-flight of acoustic waves and rate of change thereof is monitored to determine an optimal time for soaking the tissue sample in a fixative.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for calculating the diffusivity constant of a sample using acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) based information correlated with a diffusion model to reconstruct a sample's diffusivity coefficient. Operations disclosed herein such as acoustically determining the phase differential accumulated through passive fluid exchange (i.e. diffusion) based on the geometry of the tissue sample, modeling the impact of the diffusion on the TOF, and using a post-processing algorithm to correlate the results to determine the diffusivity constant, are enabled by monitoring the changes in the speed of sound caused by penetration of fixative such as formalin into several tissue samples. A tissue preparation system may be adapted to monitor said diffusion of a tissue sample and determine an optimal processing workflow.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for calculating the diffusivity constant of a sample using acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) based information correlated with a diffusion model to reconstruct a sample's diffusivity coefficient. Operations disclosed herein such as acoustically determining the phase differential accumulated through passive fluid exchange (i.e. diffusion) based on the geometry of the tissue sample, modeling the impact of the diffusion on the TOF, and using a post-processing algorithm to correlate the results to determine the diffusivity constant, are enabled by monitoring the changes in the speed of sound caused by penetration of fixative such as formalin into several tissue samples. A tissue preparation system may be adapted to monitor said diffusion of a tissue sample and determine an optimal processing workflow.

The present invention disclosures a test system and test method for a simulation experiment of gas hydrate in a porous medium. The test system comprises a reactor, a sensor system, a hardware interface apparatus and a data processing system; the reactor is used for containing tested medium, the sensor system is mounted inside the reactor, and the sensor system is connected to the data processing system through the hardware interface apparatus; the test method comprises a procedure of experiment and measurement data acquisition, and a procedure of analyzing and processing measurement signals; by establishing of electrical model I, acoustic model II and the fused model III, realizing the simulation of the synthesis/decomposition processes of gas hydrate in the deposits in laboratory environment and implementation of the acoustic and electrical parameters combined test, an accurate gas hydrate saturation calculation model can be established at last.

Aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and computer-readable media for determining a quality of cementation and detecting a presence of microannulus formations within the cement bonded to the casing. An example method may include transmitting a first type of energy at a first angle to a surface of a casing of a wellbore. In some instances, the casing may be bonded to cement layer that is between the casing and a formation of the wellbore. Additionally, the example method may include receiving a first signal from the casing. Moreover, the example method may include determining a first attenuation of the first type of energy based on the first signal. Further, the example method may include determining whether microannulus formation is present between the casing and the cement layer based on one or more characteristics of the first attenuation.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for evaluating a tissue sample that has been removed from a subject. A change in speed of the energy traveling through the sample is evaluated to monitor changes in the biological sample during processing. The rate of change in the speed of the energy is correlated with the extent of diffusion. A system for performing the method can include a transmitter that outputs the energy and a receiver configured to detect the transmitted energy. A time-of-flight of acoustic waves and rate of change thereof is monitored to determine an optimal time for soaking the tissue sample in a fixative.

An apparatus for estimating a concentration of a biomarker, may include: an inlet configured to receive the biomarker of an object; a chamber configured to store the biomarker; a sensor cartridge comprising a measurement channel provided as a porous substrate, the measurement channel comprising a probe which is disposed in each pore of the porous substrate and changes in color upon reaction with the biomarker; a light source configured to emit light onto the measurement channel; a detector configured to detect the light incident from the measurement channel; and a processor configured to obtain color change information of the measurement channel based on the light detected by the detector, and estimate the concentration of the biomarker based on the color change information.