The present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer by immune checkpoint blockade, or selecting patients for treatment with immune checkpoint blockers, by detecting tumors with high levels of T-lymphocytes with low levels of activation and proliferation. In various embodiments the tissue sample may be from a conventional biopsy. In various embodiments the cancer may be non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods of treating a cancer in a patient are provided. The methods can include obtaining a tumor sample from a patient, detecting whether CCNG1 gene expression is present in the tumor sample, diagnosing the patient with a CCNG1 inhibitor-responsive cancer when the presence of CCNG1 gene expression in the tumor sample is detected, and/or administering an effective amount of a CCNG1 inhibitor to the diagnosed patient. CCNG1 inhibitors can include a viral vector having a binding peptide that is configured to bind one or more signature (SIG) elements of an invading tumor and at least one cytocidal gene. CCNG1 inhibitors including cell penetrating peptides are also provided.

The present invention relates to a composition for improving memory including a Cyclin Y (CCNY) inhibitor as an active ingredient. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for improving memory in a subject comprising administering the composition for improving memory to the subject.

The present invention may reveal a CCNY-oriented molecular mechanism with respect to learning and memory, help understand causes of brain diseases associated with memory problems, and ultimately be applied in the treatment and diagnosis of brain memory disorders such as dementia.

Methods of treating a cancer in a patient are provided. The methods can include obtaining a tumor sample from a patient, detecting whether CCNG1 gene expression is present in the tumor sample, diagnosing the patient with a CCNG1 inhibitor-responsive cancer when the presence of CCNG1 gene expression in the tumor sample is detected, and/or administering an effective amount of a CCNG1 inhibitor to the diagnosed patient. CCNG1 inhibitors can include a viral vector having a binding peptide that is configured to bind one or more signature (SIG) elements of an invading tumor and at least one cytocidal gene. CCNG1 inhibitors including cell penetrating peptides are also provided.

The invention relates generally to the treatment of multiple myeloma. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).

The present invention relates to a method of screening for a cancer therapeutic agent using Cyclin B1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1), and a composition for diagnosing cancer or predicting a prognosis using the same. As a result of having conducted intensive studies to discover molecular mechanisms for diagnosing cancer and predicting a prognosis, the inventors of the present invention confirmed that in cancer-derived samples, according to the degree of mutual binding between RARRES1 and CDK1 or Cyclin B1, the mitosis of cancer cells was arrested, the formation of CDK1-Cyclin B1 complexes was suppressed, and the degradation of these proteins was promoted, and thus RARRES1 was a crucial factor in the diagnosis of cancer, prognosis prediction, and the treatment of cancer. In addition, through these findings, it is anticipated that RARRES1 may be widely used in screening for a cancer therapeutic agent exhibiting a decrease in the degree of binding between CDK1 and Cyclin B1, an increase in the degree of binding between the RARRES1 gene and CDK1 or Cyclin B1, and a decrease in an amount or activity of the CDK1 protein or the Cyclin B1 protein, and in the development of drugs. In addition, the present invention relates to a targeting vector including a portion of the Rarres1 gene and sequences used in producing a conditional knockout animal model, an animal cell for producing a tumorigenic animal model, which is produced using the targeting vector, a tumorigenic Rarres1.sup.−/− animal model produced using the animal cell, a method of producing the animal model, and a method of screening for a cancer therapeutic agent by using the method. Thus, as a result of having conducted intensive studies to discover molecular mechanisms for diagnosing cancer and predicting a prognosis, the inventors of the present invention confirmed that a Rarres1.sup.−/− animal model was prone to spontaneous tumors and exhibited increased phosphorylation of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 and a high activity of a CDK1-Cyclin B1 complex, and thus it was confirmed that the tumor cell cycle progression was unusually rapid due to a decrease in protein degradation ability. In particular, it was confirmed that stem cell proliferation was increased, and chromosomes were unstable upon induction of mitotic defects and mitosis, from which it was confirmed that RARRES1 is a crucial factor in diagnosing cancer, predicting a prognosis, and treating cancer. Moreover, it is anticipated that the Rarres1.sup.−/− animal model can be variously used for screening for a cancer therapeutic agent and developing a drug, through the relationship between RARRES1

In some embodiments, a method for aiding prediction of the likelihood of progression from Barrett's esophagus to high grade dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in a subject, is disclosed. The method can include (a) providing an oesophagal sample from said subject (b) determining if said sample stains abnormally with Aspergillus oryzae lectin; (c) determining if there is a DNA content abnormality in said sample; and (d) determining if there is low grade dysplasia in said sample; wherein if (b) is abnormal and (c) is abnormal and low grade dysplasia is present, then an increased likelihood of progression is determined. The disclosed subject matter also relates to an apparatus, and to different uses of certain materials.

This disclosure describes methods, kits, and systems for scoring the immune response to cancer through examination of tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods of scoring the immune response in cancer using tissue infiltrating lymphocytes include detecting CD3, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3 within the sample and scoring the detection manually or scoring the digital images of the staining with the aid of image analysis and algorithms.

Disclosed are a biomarker, method and assay kit for identifying and screening for urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a subject in need.

This disclosure describes methods, kits, and systems for scoring the immune response to cancer through examination of tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods of scoring the immune response in cancer using tissue infiltrating lymphocytes include detecting CD3, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3 within the sample and scoring the detection manually or scoring the digital images of the staining with the aid of image analysis and algorithms.