The present disclosure provides methods of selectively label an amino acid residue on a peptide by replacing a post translational modification with a labeling moiety and sequencing the peptide to obtain the location of the amino acid residue and the identity of the post translational modification. In some aspects, the disclosure also provides methods of identifying the position, quantity, the identity of a post translational modification, or any combination thereof, in peptides which may be used for therapeutic purposes.

Unlike a conventional method for evaluating a degree of ultraviolet protection through visual evaluation, the disclosed method for measuring a sunlight protection function can accurately and objectively measure and determine a degree of sunlight protection by measuring a change due to a material to be measured with respect to an expression amount of skin tissue antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in skin cells, which decrease from exposure to sunlight, and/or a generation amount of S-nitrosylated protein. Additionally, the disclosed measurement method can determine whether blue/violet light of wavelengths of 400-500 nm, which induces the most skin damage among visible rays, is blocked and provide a more specified sunlight protection effect evaluation result. Moreover, by using the disclosed measurement method, a degree of sunlight protection can be indexed, and a sunlight protection composition for protecting normal skin from the blue/violet light can be provided.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting protein S-sulfinylation and S-sulfinylation within thiol groups in proteins, metabolites, or materials.

The present invention is directed to methods for determining an autism spectrum condition in a subject. Further provided is a kit suitable for determining an autism spectrum condition.

Unlike a conventional method for evaluating a degree of ultraviolet protection through visual evaluation, the disclosed method for measuring a sunlight protection function can accurately and objectively measure and determine a degree of sunlight protection by measuring a change due to a material to be measured with respect to an expression amount of skin tissue antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in skin cells, which decrease from exposure to sunlight, and/or a generation amount of S-nitrosylated protein. Additionally, the disclosed measurement method can determine whether blue/violet light of wavelengths of 400-500 nm, which induces the most skin damage among visible rays, is blocked and provide a more specified sunlight protection effect evaluation result. Moreover, by using the disclosed measurement method, a degree of sunlight protection can be indexed, and a sunlight protection composition for protecting normal skin from the blue/violet light can be provided.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting protein S-sulfinylation and S-sulfinylation within thiol groups in proteins, metabolites, or materials.