A subsurface monitoring system and method is provided for measuring a rate of change in an amount of a reactive material within a subsurface formation using measurements of thermal parameters at one or more positions within the subsurface without the need for background correction which may lead erroneous calculations and require additional monitoring equipment. The measured thermal parameters may be used to determine the heat generated by the degradation of the reactive material. The method may include measuring a first temperature near the surface of a subsurface region and a second temperature further from the surface. In some instances, an estimated location of a planar subsurface heat source/sink due to exothermic degradation reactions within the subsurface may be selected. With the derived thermal parameters and the estimated location of the subsurface heat source/sink, change rates for the reactive materials in the subsurface region may be determined or estimated.

A system comprising a calorimeter for measuring a heat flux of a sample comprising a recipient space for a sample container containing a sample, a heat sink, a first heat transducer whereby the first heat transducer comprises a heat receiving surface in contact with the sample container when the sample container is positioned in the recipient space and a heat absorbing surface in contact with the heat sink. A second heat sink is provided, whereby the second heat sink has a second heat receiving surface in contact with the heat sink and a second heat absorbing surface in contact with the sample container, when the sample container is positioned in the recipient space.

An apparatus for producing and analyzing sample materials may comprise a milling device for milling material components, a first metering device for metering a material component into the milling device, a second metering device for metering an activator liquid into the milled material component, a homogenization device for homogenizing the material components and the activator liquid to produce a sample material, a control device that is connected to the milling device and is configured to vary a parameter characteristic for milling intensity of the milling device so that particle size of the material components is altered, and a measuring device for determining a reactivity of the sample material. The present disclosure further concerns a process for producing and analyzing a plurality of sample materials. The process may involve varying at least one parameter characteristic for milling intensity for each sample material produced.

A calorimeter cell of a calorimetry system is provided, having a cell body having an internal region for receiving a first substance, the cell body being comprised of a chemically inert material, and a thermally conductive layer at least partially surrounding the chemically inert cell body. Furthermore, an associated calorimeter and method is also provided, including a sample cell, a reference cell, a thermostat in thermal communication with the sample cell and the reference cell, a first conductive wire, the first conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the sample cell, and a second conductive wire, the second conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the reference cell.

A calorimeter and method is also provided, including a sample cell, a reference cell, a thermostat in thermal communication with the sample cell and the reference cell, a first conductive wire, the first conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the sample cell, and a second conductive wire, the second conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the reference cell.

A measurement mechanism that has a body, a vacuum chamber located on the body and in which a measurement process is performed is disclosed. A first sample and a second sample between which a heat transfer occurs are placed in the vacuum chamber and contact each other. A piston that provides the first sample and the second sample to continuously contact each other, a measurement unit that contacts the first sample and the second sample, and a cooler located below the first sample and the second sample is also disclosed.

In association with a method and a device for sensory measurement of a material sample, a measurement curve is used to detect deviations from the regular measuring characteristics of the device. A corresponding file can be made available to a service technician for evaluation.

A system comprising a calorimeter for measuring a heat flux of a sample comprising a recipient space for a sample container containing a sample, a heat sink, a first heat transducer whereby the first heat transducer comprises a heat receiving surface in contact with the sample container when the sample container is positioned in the recipient space and a heat absorbing surface in contact with the heat sink. A second heat sink is provided, whereby the second heat sink has a second heat receiving surface in contact with the heat sink and a second heat absorbing surface in contact with the sample container, when the sample container is positioned in the recipient space.

A measurement mechanism that has a body, a vacuum chamber located on the body and in which a measurement process is performed is disclosed. A first sample and a second sample between which a heat transfer occurs are placed in the vacuum chamber and contact each other. A piston that provides the first sample and the second sample to continuously contact each other, a measurement unit that contacts the first sample and the second sample, and a cooler located below the first sample and the second sample is also disclosed.

A subsurface monitoring system and method is provided for measuring a rate of change in an amount of a reactive material within a subsurface formation using measurements of thermal parameters at one or more positions within the subsurface without the need for background correction which may lead erroneous calculations and require additional monitoring equipment. The measured thermal parameters may be used to determine the heat generated by the degradation of the reactive material. The method may include measuring a first temperature near the surface of a subsurface region and a second temperature further from the surface. In some instances, an estimated location of a planar subsurface heat source/sink due to exothermic degradation reactions within the subsurface may be selected. With the derived thermal parameters and the estimated location of the subsurface heat source/sink, change rates for the reactive materials in the subsurface region may be determined or estimated.