In order to provide a molecular weight marker for electrophoresis that can be simultaneously electrophoresed in a same lane as a sample and can accurately predict an electrophoresis position of the sample, the molecular weight marker for electrophoresis of the present disclosure is characterized by containing a polyelectrolyte that is negatively charged in an aqueous solution and does not serve as a template for a DNA polymerase reaction.

A dual-mode capillary electrophoresis system (100) is disclosed, which comprises a plurality of capillaries for receiving a plurality of samples, a UV radiation source (120) for generating UV radiation along a first path (PB), a laser light source (110) for generating laser radiation along a second path (PA), and a galvanometric mirror (116) configured to receive radiation from said UV radiation source along said first path and to receive light from said laser light source along said second path, and to direct said received UV radiation and said laser light onto a common optical path, said galvanometric minor further being configured to scan said UV radiation and said laser light sequentially over said plurality of capillaries. The system can further include a detector (190) for detecting the UV radiation as well as a detector (180) for detecting fluorescent radiation via optical fibers (185) emitted by the samples in response to laser excitation.

Embodiments disclosed include systems, devices, and methods for analysis of samples containing particles used for gene delivery to determine a quality of the sample and/or an indication that the gene delivery particles are in a full, partial, and/or empty state. The present disclosure also relates to determining a protein and/or NA content in samples with known proportions of gene delivery particles in a full, partial, and/or empty state and based on the determination, establish a relationship between NA content and proportions of gene delivery particles in a full state. The present disclosure also relates to using such an established relationship to predict a proportion of the gene delivery particles in a full, partial, and/or empty state in test samples having the gene delivery particles in an unknown state.

A multi-channel bio-separation system configured to utilize a cartridge that has a individual, separate integrated reagent (i.e., a separation buffer) reservoir dedicated for each separation channel. The multiple channels may have different characteristics, such as different separation medium of different chemistries, different separation length, different channel sizes and internal coatings. In one embodiment, the cartridge does not include integrated detection optics. Not all channels need to be operative. One or more of the channels in the cartridge may be “dummy channels” that are not operative (e.g., not provided with a capillary tube). A capillary tube may be routed between the reservoir/electrode (anode) of one channel to an electrode (cathode) in another channel, thus allowing a longer length of capillary tube to be used to define a longer separation channel to improve resolution.

Embodiments disclosed include systems, devices, and methods for analysis of samples containing particles used for gene delivery to determine a quality of the sample and/or an indication that the gene delivery particles are in a full, partial, and/or empty state. The present disclosure also relates to determining a protein and/or NA content in samples with known proportions of gene delivery particles in a full, partial, and/or empty state and based on the determination, establish a relationship between NA content and proportions of gene delivery particles in a full state. The present disclosure also relates to using such an established relationship to predict a proportion of the gene delivery particles in a full, partial, and/or empty state in test samples having the gene delivery particles in an unknown state.

Embodiments disclosed include systems, devices, and methods for analysis of samples containing particles used for gene delivery to determine a quality of the sample and/or an indication that the gene delivery particles are in a full, partial, and/or empty state. The present disclosure also relates to determining a protein and/or NA content in samples with known proportions of gene delivery particles in a full, partial, and/or empty state and based on the determination, establish a relationship between NA content and proportions of gene delivery particles in a full state. The present disclosure also relates to using such an established relationship to predict a proportion of the gene delivery particles in a full, partial, and/or empty state in test samples having the gene delivery particles in an unknown state.

An electrophoresis system includes a plurality of capillaries in which electrophoresis of a sample is performed, a light source that irradiates detection positions of the capillaries with light, a light detector that detects light generated by the irradiation with the light by the light source that depends on components contained in the sample, and a buffer storage unit into which one end of the plurality of capillaries are inserted at a time of the electrophoresis of the sample and in which a buffer is stored. A computer controls an electrophoresis condition of each of the plurality of capillaries such that arrival times for the components that move in the plurality of capillaries to reach the detection positions are shifted from each other. As a result, it is possible to detect fluorescence signals at different timings in each of the plurality of capillaries.

A method for visualizing a macromolecule fragment pattern resulting from gel electrophoresis has steps for preparing a polyacrylamide gel in an electrophoresis apparatus, treating the polyacrylamide gel with Meldrum's acid Activated Furan (MAF) dissolved in a suitable solvent, loading a protein sample to a prepared position in the gel, and resolving the protein sample by applying an electrical potential across the gel for a period of time, separating molecular fragments of the protein into the fragment pattern in the gel. The method is characterized in that the MAF stains the molecular fragments in a manner to be discernible by human vision and by conventional analysis techniques.

Some embodiments described herein relate to a method that includes separating an analyte-containing sample via electrophoresis in a capillary. The capillary is loaded with a chemiluminescence agent, such as luminol, that is configured to react with the analyte (e.g., HRP-conjugated proteins) to produce a signal indicative of a concentration and/or quantity of analyte at each location along the length of the capillary. A first image of the capillary containing the analytes and the chemiluminescence agent is captured over a first period of time. A second image of the capillary containing the analytes and the chemiluminescence agent is captured over a second, longer, period of time. A concentration and/or quantity of a first population of analytes at a first location is determined using the first image, and a concentration and/or quantity of a second population of analytes at a second location is determined using the second image.

The present invention relates to a method of visualizing biomolecules, having the steps of: a) providing a sample of immobilized biomolecules in a matrix and carry on the electrophoresis process; b) incubating the matrix of step a) in a solution containing a cyanine-derived molecule, for a time of 5 to 60 minutes, at room temperature, in a container preventing exposure to light, shaking the container at less of 75 rpm; c) transferring the matrix from step b) to a container with a solution having: at least one tetrazolium salt and incubating for a time of 15 to 120 minutes at room temperature under light exposure; d) removing the matrix with immobilized biomolecules from the previous step and washing with distilled water; and e) visualizing directly by the naked eye the biomolecules immobilized in the matrix.