Embodiments are directed to methods of examining preimplantation factor (PIF) binding to a subject's circulating immune cells as a marker for immune dysregulation. Some embodiments are directed to methods of detecting a level of immune dysregulation sufficient to cause recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), methods of detecting a level of immune dysfunction sufficient to cause endometriosis, and methods of detecting a level of immune dysfunction comprising administering an effective amount of PIF or an analog thereof, and examining its binding to circulating immune cells. Within those methods, an about twenty percent change in PIF binding to a subject's circulating immune cells indicates a level of immune dysfunction.

Described herein are improved methods for the detection of endometriosis. Generally, the methods include, but are not limited to, applying machine learning algorithm to miRNA levels in order to detect, predict, diagnose, or monitor the presence or absence of endometriosis.

The present invention provides compositions and methods that provide a high degree of sensitivity and a high degree of specificity for the non-invasive assessment of endometriosis in women having a variety of endometriosis types (e.g., endometriosis, endometriotic cysts, endometrioma, or another benign condition of the endometrium) and at a variety of disease states (e.g., early and late stage).

A method comprising the steps of: (a) assessing an expression level of at least one protein, selected from Table 1, 2 or 3 in a sample from a subject, where in the at least one protein may be selected from the list comprising: Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase, Apolipoprotein L1, Methanethiol oxidase, Vitamin K-dependent protein S, von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen, Selenoprotein P, Protein disulfide-isomerase A6 and Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, and (b) using the expression level to determine whether the subject has endometriosis.

The present invention provides a method of diagnosing endometriosis and/or infertility in a subject, comprising: a) obtaining a sample from the subject; b) detecting a level of expression of a SIRT1 gene and/or protein in the sample; c) detecting a level of expression of a BCL6 gene and/or protein in the sample; d) comparing the level of expression detected in (b) with the level of expression of a SIRT1 gene and/or protein in a sample obtained from a control subject or a population of control subjects; e) comparing the level of expression detected in (c) with the level of expression of a BCL6 gene and/or protein in a sample obtained from a control subject or a population of control subjects; and f) diagnosing the subject as having infertility when the subject has a level of expression of the SIRT1 gene and/or protein greater than the level of expression of the SIRT1 gene and/or protein of the control subject or population of control subjects and also has a level of expression of the BCL6 gene and/or protein that is greater than the level of expression of the BCL6 gene and/or protein of the control subject or population of control subjects.

The presence of certain auto antibodies and miRNAs indicates that a subject has endometriosis. The auto-antibodies recognise antigens listed in Table 1. The miRNAs are also listed in Table 1.

Embodiments are directed to methods of examining preimplantation factor (PIF) binding to a subject's circulating immune cells as a marker for immune dysregulation. Some embodiments are directed to methods of detecting a level of immune dysregulation sufficient to cause recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), methods of detecting a level of immune dysfunction sufficient to cause endometriosis, and methods of detecting a level of immune dysfunction comprising administering an effective amount of PIF or an analog thereof, and examining its binding to circulating immune cells. Within those methods, an about twenty percent change in PIF binding to a subject's circulating immune cells indicates a level of immune dysfunction.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods useful for the diagnosis, assessment, and characterization of endometriosis in a subject in need thereof, based upon the expression level of at least one miRNA that is associated with endometriosis.

In a general aspect, methods and devices are provided for using mass spectrometry to identify endometriosis. In some aspects, a fixed or discrete volume of a solvent is applied to a tissue site including possible endometriosis tissue. The applied solvent is collected to obtain a liquid sample. The liquid sample is subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. The liquid sample is collected from a tissue site in vivo during a medical procedure. The mass spectrometry data are analyzed to identify whether the tissue site comprises endometriosis.

Methods and compositions are provided for treating endometriosis in an individual, and the pain associated with endometriosis. Aspects of the methods include administering to the individual an agent that promotes ALDH activity.