The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the preparation and use of free fatty acids as crystals and in solution, optionally in array format, for assay of lipotoxicity and related effects (in certain cases, indicators of diseases or disorders, such as type II diabetes) in contacted cells. Identification and therapeutic targeting of high-value gene targets discovered via joint assessment of lipotoxicity/transcriptome data and genetic association study data are also provided.

The present disclosure provides a method for detecting short-chain fatty acids in biological samples, including a derivatizing step, a loading step and a detecting step. The derivatizing step includes treating the short-chain fatty acids in the biological sample with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine for derivatizing the short-chain fatty acids into a sample to be detected. The loading step includes loading the sample onto a paper carrier. The detecting step includes analyzing the sample loaded onto the paper carrier by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for obtaining a detection result. The method provided by the present disclosure may complete the analysis of the biological sample within a short period of time and achieve a quantitative result comparable to that obtained by conventional chromatographic approaches.

Devices, systems, and methods are used for personalized monitoring of changes in metabolism as a function of external parameters such as food or physical exercise. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to electrochemical strips for detecting the amount of biomarker for fat metabolism, in particular, glycerol.

The presently claimed invention relates to materials and methods for diagnosing a chronic inflammatory disease in a patient comprising testing a biological sample from the patient for a level of a first neurovascular biomarker of lymphatic activation and diagnosing the patient as having the chronic inflammatory disease if the tested level of the first neurovascular biomarker of lymphatic activation is less than a first normal level.

A method for determining colorectal cancer risk includes obtaining a blood sample of the subject, isolating serum or EDTA plasma from the blood sample, analyzing the serum or EDTA plasma to determine plasma levels of very long chain dicarboxylic acid (VLCDCA 28:4), comparing the determined plasmas level of VLCDCA 28:4 of the subject with a predetermined range of plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 of diagnosed subjects having colorectal cancer, and determining a colorectal cancer risk exists when the determined plasma level of VLCDCA 28:4 is within the predetermined range of plasma levels of VLCDCA.

The instant disclosure relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of Gaucher disease, particularly type II and III neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD). The methods include the step of administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a ryanodine receptor inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Provided are a method for acquiring a value relating to a triglyceride metabolic capacity of a subject within a shorter period of time compared to conventional nuclear medicine methods, and a test reagent and a test kit that are to be used in the acquisition method. This problem can be solved by an acquisition method of a value relating to the triglyceride metabolic capacity in leucocytes of a subject, said method comprising: a first step of mixing, in vitro, a fatty acid compound labeled with a fluorescent substance with leucocytes collected from the subject and thus bringing the fatty acid labeled with the fluorescent substance into contact with the leucocytes, wherein the fatty acid compound contains a fatty acid residue, the fatty acid residue has 8-26 carbon atoms, and a part of hydrogen atoms constituting the fatty acid residue, excluding a terminal methyl group of the fatty acid residue, may be substituted by an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms; and a second step of acquiring, as the value relating to the triglyceride metabolic capacity, a measured fluorescence intensity that is derived from the fluorescent label in the leucocytes.

Molecules for inhibiting arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX-15) gene products including dsRNA (dsRNA) agents such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecule inhibitors for therapeutic use. Additionally provided are methods to inhibit the expression of a target gene by administering these agents for the treatment of diseases involving ALOX-15 gene products.

The present invention relates to a use of leucine-zipper protein for diagnosis or treatment of fatty liver. According to the present invention, it could be confirmed that a particular fragment present at the leucine-zipper protein, especially, the N-terminal region thereof, plays an important role in the lipid metabolism in liver tissue by regulating transcriptional activity of Apolipoprotein A4, and therefore, the protein of the present invention or a fragment thereof can be utilized as a target for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of fatty liver.

The disclosure provides methods for differentiating between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The method includes measuring eicosanoids and fatty acid levels in a biological sample.