Embodiments described herein provide for the flameless premixed combustion of the pyrolysis gases of a milligram-sized sample of solid material in a microscale fire calorimeter (MFC) at high temperatures of combustion and under precisely controlled fuel-to-oxygen ratios. The microscale fire calorimeter (MFC) device and techniques set out herein provide for the generation of fuel gases from solids and the mixing of those fuel gases with oxygen under controlled conditions to obtain precise fuel/oxygen ratios during combustion. Combustion is conducted under flameless, premixed conditions in a rapid test that can generate soot and other products of incomplete combustion, which may then be analyzed to determine their type and nature. This allows for microscale, accurate, and convenient techniques for the generation and determination of the type and nature of combustion species produced over the full range of fire stages from early stage (over-ventilated) fires to late-stage (under-ventilated/high-toxicity) fires.

A portable remote processing apparatus facilitates various aspects of a transaction, such as a real estate property transaction. A seller of the real estate property can use the portable remote processing apparatus to prepare a walk-through of the property for prospective buyers, to configure the property for a showing, and/or to interact with a buyer device to negotiate a sale of the real estate property. Typically, the portable remote processing apparatus communicates with a remote server device, thereby limiting the amount of hard coding in the apparatus and improving the processing capability of the apparatus.

In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.

A control body is coupled or coupleable with a cartridge that is equipped with a heating element and contains an aerosol precursor composition, the control body and cartridge forming an aerosol delivery device. The control body includes a control component to control the heating element to activate and vaporize components of the aerosol precursor composition. The control body also includes a gas sensor configured to detect a presence of gas in an environment of the control body, and the gas sensor or control component are further configured to control operation of at least one functional element of the aerosol delivery device in response to the presence of gas so detected.

An anti-copy electronic device contains: a wireless signal controller having a sensor, and the wireless signal controller and the sensor are accommodated in a casing. The sensor has humidity detection, pressure detection, lights detection, color temperature detection, ultraviolet (UV) detection, and special gases detection in an interior space of the casing. After the casing is removed, the sensor detects a change of humidity, pressure, lights, color temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and special gases in the interior space and sends an indication signal to the wireless signal controller so that the wireless signal controller destroys a password setting program of the wireless signal controller, thus avoiding copy of the password setting program.

A gas detection apparatus and method for measuring humidity using an electrochemical gas sensor. The gas detection apparatus comprises an electrolyte-based electrochemical gas sensor and a controller configured to measure the average humidity value within an ambient environment over a period of time. The average ambient humidity value over the period of time is determined based on the average rate of change over the period of time of the electrolyte concentration within the electrolyte gas sensor of the gas detection apparatus over the period and the average temperature in the ambient environment over the period of time. The gas sensing apparatus may be configured to communicate the average ambient humidity value within the ambient environment to a second electrochemical gas sensor or a second gas detection apparatus within the same ambient environment.

A method and a device for measuring an oxygen content of a headspace gas in a beverage can. The beverage can is oriented upside down to allow the headspace gas to collect at the bottom. A hollow piercer on a piercing head forms a sampling opening in the bottom of the can through which the sampling tube penetrates. The liquid level in the beverage can is lowered to establish a direct connection of the gas-filled headspace and the sampling opening. Then the headspace gas is transported from the headspace to a sensor unit via the sampling tube and/or the hollow piercer or the piercing head. The oxygen content and/or an oxygen partial pressure and/or a headspace volume of the headspace gas are determined by the sensor unit. The sampling opening is closed off airtight by sealing elements arranged on the piercer or the piercing head.

The present invention includes an apparatus and method for detecting the location of one or more sources of one or more target molecule, the apparatus comprising: a molecule detector; and a processor connected to the molecule detector and to a global position system, wherein the processor calculates the presence of the one or more target molecules, runs a computer code that determines a dynamic reverse gas stack model for the one or more target molecules, and triangulates the possible position for a source or effluent of the one or more target molecules based on the dynamic reverse gas stack model. The determined reverse gas stack model may have a Gaussian dispersion over one or more sampled locations.

A gas cylinder monitoring system comprising a gas cylinder for receiving and distributing gas. A flow control valve is associated with the gas cylinder and operable to allow or prevent the flow of gas from the cylinder. A monitor is provided for monitoring a signal from an input device associated with the flow control valve. The monitor has an environmental parameter sensor for detecting the presence or absence of a selected environmental parameter in the vicinity of the cylinder. The environmental parameter sensor is connected to the monitor for transmitting an environmental status signal thereto. A removable cover is provided for covering both the flow control valve and the environmental parameter sensor such as to only allow access to the flow control valve when the cover is removed. A transmitter is also provided for transmitting a signal, obtained by the monitor from the input device, to a receiver.

Systems and methods for measuring gas flux are provided. The method includes obtaining one or more of wind speed data, gas content data, temperature data and humidity data over a period of time, computing a plurality of different gas flux values for said period of time using a corresponding plurality of different flux calculation algorithms, wherein each of the plurality of different flux calculation algorithms uses one, some or all of the measured data types to calculate gas flux values for one or a plurality of sub-periods of said period of time, and for each of the one or the plurality of sub-periods, determining an optimal flux calculation algorithm of the plurality of different flux calculation algorithms based on one or more quality indicators; and outputting, for each of the plurality of sub-periods, one or more optimal flux calculation values corresponding to the optimal flux calculation algorithm for the sub-period.