A precipitate and/or an inclusion in a metal material is extracted by electrolysis using an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution contains an adsorbent that is adsorbed to a surface of the precipitate and/or a surface of the inclusion. The extracted precipitate and/or the inclusion can be quantitatively analyzed with high accuracy.

A precipitate and/or an inclusion in a metal material is extracted by electrolysis using an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution contains an adsorbent that is adsorbed to a surface of the precipitate and/or a surface of the inclusion. The extracted precipitate and/or the inclusion can be quantitatively analyzed with high accuracy.

Disclosed is an operating method of a metal sorting system using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which may include: analyzing a metal component distribution for various metals using LIBS library information; setting multiple clusters according to the metal component distribution; performing first regression component analysis with respect to spectral data of a metal sample; calculating a probability that the spectral data will belong to each of the set multiple clusters using the first regress component analysis result; performing second regression component analysis with respect to the spectral data which belong to each cluster; and discriminating a type of metal sample by a weighted sum of the calculated probability and the second regression component analysis result.

Disclosed is an operating method of a metal sorting system using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which may include: analyzing a metal component distribution for various metals using LIBS library information; setting multiple clusters according to the metal component distribution; performing first regression component analysis with respect to spectral data of a metal sample; calculating a probability that the spectral data will belong to each of the set multiple clusters using the first regress component analysis result; performing second regression component analysis with respect to the spectral data which belong to each cluster; and discriminating a type of metal sample by a weighted sum of the calculated probability and the second regression component analysis result.

A precipitate and/or an inclusion in a metal material are extracted by electrolysis using an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution contains an adsorbent physically adsorbed and/or chemically adsorbed to any metal other than a matrix metal of the metal material. The extracted precipitate and/or inclusion can be quantitatively analyzed with high accuracy.

The present invention relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten steel bath, the sampler comprising: a carrier tube having an immersion end; a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises an immersion end having an opening; an inflow conduit having a first end for receiving molten metal and a second end, opposite the first end, wherein the second end is in communication with the opening, wherein the opening is configured to receive the molten metal from the inflow conduit; a measuring head, wherein the sample chamber and the second end of the inflow conduit are at least partly arranged in the measuring head; and a de-oxidant material arranged along a central axis of the inflow conduit, wherein at least part of the de-oxidant material is arranged near the second end of the inflow conduit inside the measuring head, and wherein the inflow conduit comprises first coupling means, arranged on the second end of the inflow conduit, wherein the de-oxidant material comprises second coupling means, to interact with the first coupling means on the inflow conduit to anchor the de-oxidant material in a position along the central axis of the inflow conduit. The invention also relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten steel bath, the sampler comprising:
a carrier tube having an immersion end;
a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises an immersion end having an opening;
an inflow conduit having a first end for receiving molten metal and a second end, opposite the first end, wherein the second end is in communication with the opening, wherein the opening is configured to receive the molten metal from the inflow conduit;
a measuring head, wherein the sample chamber and the second end of the inflow conduit are at least partly arranged in the measuring head; and
a metal bushing, wherein the metal bushing coupling the inflow conduit to the sample chamber.

The present invention relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten steel bath, the sampler comprising: a carrier tube having an immersion end; a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises an immersion end having an opening; an inflow conduit having a first end for receiving molten metal and a second end, opposite the first end, wherein the second end is in communication with the opening, wherein the opening is configured to receive the molten metal from the inflow conduit; a measuring head, wherein the sample chamber and the second end of the inflow conduit are at least partly arranged in the measuring head; and a de-oxidant material arranged along a central axis of the inflow conduit, wherein at least part of the de-oxidant material is arranged near the second end of the inflow conduit inside the measuring head, and wherein the inflow conduit comprises first coupling means, arranged on the second end of the inflow conduit, wherein the de-oxidant material comprises second coupling means, to interact with the first coupling means on the inflow conduit to anchor the de-oxidant material in a position along the central axis of the inflow conduit. The invention also relates to a sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten steel bath, the sampler comprising:
a carrier tube having an immersion end;
a sample chamber assembly arranged on the immersion end of the carrier tube, the sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises an immersion end having an opening;
an inflow conduit having a first end for receiving molten metal and a second end, opposite the first end, wherein the second end is in communication with the opening, wherein the opening is configured to receive the molten metal from the inflow conduit;
a measuring head, wherein the sample chamber and the second end of the inflow conduit are at least partly arranged in the measuring head; and
a metal bushing, wherein the metal bushing coupling the inflow conduit to the sample chamber.

A scale composition determination device (10) determines that Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 has been generated in the outermost layer of a scale (SC) in the case where at least one of spectral emissivities at one wavelength and the other wavelength that are measured by radiometers for spectral emissivity measurement (21a, 21b) is not within a predetermined range including spectral emissivities of FeO at one wavelength and the other wavelength, and determines that Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 has not been generated in the outermost layer of the scale (SC) in the case where all of the spectral emissivities at one wavelength and the other wavelength that are measured by the radiometers for spectral emissivity measurement (21a, 21b) is within the predetermined range including the spectral emissivities of FeO at one wavelength and the other wavelength.

A scale composition determination device (10) determines that Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 has been generated in the outermost layer of a scale (SC) in the case where at least one of spectral emissivities at one wavelength and the other wavelength that are measured by radiometers for spectral emissivity measurement (21a, 21b) is not within a predetermined range including spectral emissivities of FeO at one wavelength and the other wavelength, and determines that Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 has not been generated in the outermost layer of the scale (SC) in the case where all of the spectral emissivities at one wavelength and the other wavelength that are measured by the radiometers for spectral emissivity measurement (21a, 21b) is within the predetermined range including the spectral emissivities of FeO at one wavelength and the other wavelength.

A system and method for evaluating soil characteristics. The system and method includes providing one or more soil test kits to a user. The soil tests kits may include ion-exchange resins and may instruct the user to collect a soil sample from his/her growing area, to combine the soil sample with the ion-exchange resins, and to provide the combination to the system for analysis. Other test kits may not include ion-exchange resins and may instruct the user to provide a soil sample from his/her growing area to the system for analysis. The system evaluates the ion-exchange resins and/or the soil samples to identify nutrient levels, pH levels, and other characteristics of the soil. Using the evaluation results, the system provides feedback, recommendations and/or products to the user to improve the soil conditions and to ensure a successful crop, yield, quality, and nutrient density. The system and method also may include providing a second soil test kit to the user at a predetermined time after the first, to evaluate a second soil sample, and to compare the second evaluation results with the first to assess the improvement of the soil conditions.