A biosensor detector device is disclosed suitable for use in measuring membrane fluidity or membrane permeability. The biosensor detector device is formed of a solid substrate having a lipid bilayer compatible surface, a multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure derived from a biological cell and localized on the lipid bilayer compatible surface, an aqueous layer interposed between each lipid bilayer of the multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure. The biological membrane is derived from human red blood cells and localized on the lipid bilayer compatible surface. An electrode forming all or part of the lipid bilayer compatible surface may be used to detect disruptions in the multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure and hemolytic activity in a test sample.

The invention relates to a method for sensing target molecules in an analyte solution, a sensor for sensing target molecules in an analyte solution and a measurement system for sensing target molecules in an analyte solution. The method comprises providing a capture surface, wherein a plurality of capture molecules are arranged on the capture surface, each of the capture molecules being configured to bind to at least one of said target molecules. The method further comprises exposing the capture surface to the analyte solution to allow target molecules to bind to the capture molecules arranged on the capture surface. The capture surface is then exposed to a solution containing detection molecules, wherein each of the detection molecules contains an electrochemically active nanoparticle and is configured to bind to one of said target molecules bound to a capture molecule, thereby allowing said electrochemically active nanoparticles to bind to the capture surface through formation of a bond between the respective detection molecule comprising said nanoparticle and one of said target molecules bound to one of said capture molecules arranged on the capture surface. The method further comprises releasing nanoparticles that are bound to the capture surface and, after releasing said nanoparticles from the capture surface, determining an electrical signal at a detection electrode caused by electrochemical reactions of said nanoparticles released from the capture surface.

The present invention provides a sensor for detecting a bioanalyte, comprising: a substrate; a pair of terminal electrodes disposed on the substrate in mutually spaced apart and opposing relation; and a non-insulating sensing element applied to a surface of the substrate, between and in electrical contact with the pair of terminal electrodes wherein the sensing element provides a conduction path between the terminal electrodes, wherein the sensing element comprises an oxygen-deficient metal oxide layer and a bioanalyte binding site, and wherein when a voltage is applied across the sensor, an electrical signal is generated that is proportional to a change in conductance of the sensing element corresponding to binding of a bioanalyte to the bioanalyte binding site.

The present disclosure provides new approaches in developing templated polymer-based chemical receptors. At least some embodiments of the invention use a stimuli-responsive polymer [e.g., poly-Nisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)] as a polymer backbone with the incorporation of functional monomers (for analyte recognition). In at least some embodiments of the invention, vinylferrocene may be used as a redox-active label for electrochemical transduction.

Nanostructured microelectrodes and biosensing devices incorporating the same are disclosed herein.

Provided is a method for detecting a test substance. In this method, metal is deposited or a complex containing a test substance and a metal particle is immobilized on a working electrode on an electrode substrate including the working electrode and a counter electrode. An oxidation potential is applied to the working electrode to generate metal ions, then a reduction potential is applied to a portion having an area smaller than an area of the portion to which an oxidation potential is applied in the working electrode to deposit metal on the surface of the portion to which the reduction potential is applied, and current, voltage or charge caused by the metal deposited is measured to detect metal ions or a test substance.

A sensor may include a prism having a first face; a metal first layer covering, via a contact face, the first face; a light source; and a matrix-array detector; the device may include a dielectric second layer on which rests a transistor including a sheet made of a two-dimensional material, intended to form a channel region, a front face of the sheet comprising a specific functionalization via which specific targets are liable to be adsorbed, the specific functionalization being suitable for placing the adsorbed specific targets at a smaller distance Dd below which detection via electrical measurement by means of the specific transistor and via measurement of resonance of surface plasmons is possible.

Provided herein are arrays, devices, systems, and methods for detection of compounds, such as odorant compounds. The arrays, devices, systems, and methods as described herein may provide patterns of electrical signals, wherein a given pattern may be associated with a given compound or a mixture of compounds such that a presence or a likelihood of a presence of the given compound or mixture of compounds can be determined. The cells expressing an odorant receptor can be present in an array of chambers, each chamber comprising a cell modified to express a unique odorant receptor profile and an electrical component configured to measure an electrical signal in the cell.

The virus test device encompasses a pseudo-receptor film having pseudo-receptors mimicking a structure of a host-cell receptor, which binds specifically to a target virus, a virus introducing-tube for sucking down an air-under-test (AUT) containing the target viruses, to compress the AUT into a high-speed air-flow of aerosols-under-test, concentrating the target viruses contained in the AUT, and to eject the high-speed air-flow to the pseudo-receptor film, a signal conditioner for converting physical signals, which represent alterations of physical states of the pseudo-receptor film ascribable to specific bindings of the pseudo-receptors with the target viruses, to electric signals.

There is provided a biosensor device comprising: a doped graphene layer structure having at least first and second electrical contacts and a sample-surface between said electrical contacts for receiving an analyte composition to be tested; wherein the doped graphene layer structure is doped with nitrogen and/or phosphorus atoms in an amount of from 1 at% to 10 at%; and wherein the sample-surface is functionalised with a plurality of analyte-receptors, each analyte-receptor being bound to a nitrogen or phosphorus atom of the doped graphene layer structure by a covalent linker moiety.