The present invention provides novel gold nanoclusters, a dopamine biosensor including the same that may exhibit reliability in a wide detection range, and a method of quantifying dopamine using the same, and provides a method of diagnosing a neurological disease that exhibits high selectivity for dopamine using the gold nanoclusters. In addition, the present invention provides a method of concentrating glycoproteins that may exhibit improved concentration efficiency and minimize non-specific binding using the gold nanoclusters. A method of analyzing disease-specific glycoproteins which includes the method of concentrating glycoproteins using the gold nanoclusters may be easily used for diagnosis of a disease by identifying different glycoproteins in a patient group compared to a normal group.

Disclosed is a technology of extracting faradaic current-type Second-Derivative-based Background Removal (SDBR) data, from which a capacitive charge current is subtracted, through the second derivative after background subtraction of FSCV data and providing a neurotransmitter concentration measurement result based on the extracted SDBR data. More particularly, a neurotransmitter concentration measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a data collector configured to collect Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV) data in which a capacitive charge current is reflected in a faradaic current that changes according to neurotransmitter injection; a data processor configured to process the FSCV data as the faradaic current-type Second-Derivative-based Background Removal (SDBR) data, from which the capacitive charge current is subtracted, based on the second derivative for a voltage of an individual voltammogram generated for each scan by background subtraction in the FSCV data; and a measurement result provider configured to provide a concentration measurement result of a neurotransmitter that changes according to the neurotransmitter injection based on the SDBR data.

Disclosed is an antibody which binds to paliperidone, which can be used to detect paliperidone in a sample such as in a competitive immunoassay method. The antibody can be used in a lateral flow assay device for point-of-care detection of paliperidone, including multiplex detection of aripiprazole, quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone/paliperidone in a single lateral flow assay device.

The present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules from regions of Enterococcus spp. genomes which are associated with the production of dopamine The invention also relates to proteins encoded by such nucleic acid molecules as well as nucleic acid markers which are associated with high dopamine production. Moreover, the invention relates to uses of such molecules, including, but not limited to, transforming or transfecting cells or organisms with constructs containing the nucleic acid molecules to create cells or organisms with enhanced dopamine production. The present invention is also directed to kits for identifying bacteria which may be capable of producing dopamine based on the detection of the nucleic acid molecules.

This disclosure provides a method for polymerizing polyphenols to provide polyphenol polymers using peroxidase and similar catalysis. In various aspects, it provides a method for polymerizing a polyphenol (e.g., polydopamine or a derivative or conjugate thereof) on a surface comprising polymerizing the polyphenol, a method for detecting an analyte comprising polymerizing a polyphenol, and an assay kit comprising a polyphenol (e.g., dopamine or a dopamine derivative). In one embodiment, a method for polymerizing a polyphenol includes contacting the polyphenol and an oxidant with an enzyme having peroxidase-like activity, under conditions sufficient to polymerize the polyphenol. In another embodiment, a method for depositing a polyphenol polymer (e.g., a polydopamine) includes providing, at a target site, an enzyme having peroxidase-like activity immobilized at the surface; and polymerizing, at the target site, a polyphenol in the presence of an oxidant and the enzyme to provide the polyphenol polymer, deposited on the surface.

The invention is directed to an in vitro method for performing a differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in a subject, said subject being selected among subjects suffering from Alzheimer's disease, mental depression, dementia with Lewy Body, frontotemporal dementia, and/or vascular dementia. Said method comprises the steps of: (a) determining at least five criteria of said subject, (b) comparing said at least five criteria of said subject with reference values by calculating a global note in relation with each neurodegenerative disease, and (c) determining whether said subject suffers from Alzheimer's disease, mental depression, dementia with Lewy Body, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia or mixed dementia.

The invention relates to an electro-chemical sensor and coating method, production method and corresponding uses. The coating method of an electro-chemical sensor comprises the following steps: coating a carbon-rich substrate, with a carbon content greater than or equal to 0 wt. % in relation to the total weight of the substrate, and with an organic polymer; and applying a cold plasma treatment to said coating. This method permits the production of electro-chemical sensors with a carbon-rich substrate, with a carbon content greater or equal to 50 wt. % in relation to the total weight of the substrate, and a modified organic polymer coating. These new sensors are suitable for the detection of, inter alia, dopamine, glucose, uric acid and ascorbic acid.

The invention is directed to an in vitro method for performing a differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in a subject, said subject being selected among subjects suffering from Alzheimer's disease, menial depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and/or Parkinson's disease with dementia. Said method comprises the steps of: (a) determining at least five criteria of said subject, (b) comparing said at least five criteria of said subject with reference values by calculating a global note in relation with each neurodegenerative disease, and (c) determining whether said subject suffers from Alzheimer's disease, mental depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson's disease with dementia or mixed dementia.

The present disclosure presents improved analytical tools, systems and methods related to AADC viral vectors, including AADC potency assays for measuring and analyzing AADC expression potency (i.e. enzymatic activity) related to AADC vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) AADC vectors.

Provided are a red fluorescent protein-based biosensor for measuring the activity of dopamine receptor D1, a method of measuring the activity of dopamine receptor D1 using the biosensor, and a method of detecting a ligand binding to dopamine receptor D1.