An apparatus and method for diagnosing whether a charging and discharging switching element provided on a charging and discharging path of a battery pack operates normally. A charging and discharging switching unit having a charging and discharging switch and a fuse is installed on a charging and discharging path between a battery cell and a pack terminal. The apparatus includes a first diagnosing path a second diagnosing path, a third diagnosing path, an integrated diagnosing path having a diagnosis switching unit and a diagnosis resistor, a voltage measuring unit, and a control unit configured to turn on and off the diagnosis switching unit and determine whether the charging and discharging switching unit is operating abnormally based on the diagnosis voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit.

An embodiment electronic circuit includes an electronic switch comprising a load path, and a control circuit configured to drive the electronic switch and configured to operate in one of a first operation mode and a test mode. The control circuit comprises a test mode input and is configured to operate in the test mode based on a test signal received at the test mode input. The control circuit in the first operation mode is configured to generate a first protection signal based on a current-time-characteristic of a load current of the electronic switch and drive the electronic switch based on the first protection signal.

The invention relates to a device for detecting electrical currents on or in the vicinity of electrical conductors with at least one Reed switch as a magnetically responsive switch, which is arranged in the vicinity of the electrical conductor such that, when there is a significant current flow through the conductor, the magnetic field created triggers the switch and initiates an evaluation electronics connected to the switch. For the detection of surge current variables and the differentiation between long-term pulsed currents and short-term pulsed currents, a plurality of Reed switches are arranged at a predetermined distance from the electrical conductor, wherein the evaluation electronics determines the response and the switching times of the respective Reed switches, determines die surge current variable from the allocation of the determined values to the respective Reed switch and the pulse form from the switching time, wherein, for the purpose of adjusting the response behavior, at least one of the Reed switches comprises a shielding for influencing the magnetic field acting on the respective Reed switch.

The invention relates to a method for detecting electrical currents on or near electrical conductors with at least one reed switch as a magnetically responsive switch, which is arranged near the electrical conductor such that when there is a significant current flow through the conductor, the magnetic field created triggers the switch and initiates evaluation electronics connected to the switch. For the detection of surge current variables and differentiation between long-term pulsed currents and short-term pulsed currents, a plurality of reed switches is arranged at pre-determined, different, increasing distances from the electrical switch, the evaluation electronics determining the response and the switching times of the respective reed switches. The surge current variables are determined from the association of the determined values with the respective reed switch and the pulse shape from the switching time.

A process for estimating the residual life of an electromagnet of a vibrating feeder of articles is described, controlled through a control circuit to make at least one element of the feeder vibrate in frequency, the process comprising the following phases: constantly monitoring the waveform of the absorbed current (I) and the operating voltage (V) to calculate an ohmic resistance value to be compared with a reference value; comparing the measurement of the density of a magnetic flux (Bm) with respect to a reference saturation limit value (Bsat), using an inductance value (L) based on the acquisition of the absorbed current (I) value; verifying an efficient operating situation of the vibrating feeder through the condition (ε1=B.sub.m−B.sub.sat<0).

An apparatus and method for diagnosing whether a charging and discharging switching element provided on a charging and discharging path of a battery pack operates normally. A charging and discharging switching unit having a charging and discharging switch and a fuse is installed on a charging and discharging path between a battery cell and a pack terminal. The apparatus includes a first diagnosing path a second diagnosing path, a third diagnosing path, an integrated diagnosing path having a diagnosis switching unit and a diagnosis resistor, a voltage measuring unit, and a control unit configured to turn on and off the diagnosis switching unit and determine whether the charging and discharging switching unit is operating abnormally based on the diagnosis voltage measured by the voltage measuring unit.

An embodiment electronic circuit includes an electronic switch comprising a load path, and a control circuit configured to drive the electronic switch and configured to operate in one of a first operation mode and a test mode. The control circuit comprises a test mode input and is configured to operate in the test mode based on a test signal received at the test mode input. The control circuit in the first operation mode is configured to generate a first protection signal based on a current-time-characteristic of a load current of the electronic switch and drive the electronic switch based on the first protection signal.

The invention relates to a device for detecting electrical currents on or in the vicinity of electrical conductors with at least one Reed switch as a magnetically responsive switch, which is arranged in the vicinity of the electrical conductor such that, when there is a significant current flow through the conductor, the magnetic field created triggers the switch and initiates an evaluation electronics connected to the switch. For the detection of surge current variables and the differentiation between long-term pulsed currents and short-term pulsed currents, a plurality of Reed switches are arranged at a predetermined distance from the electrical conductor, wherein the evaluation electronics determines the response and the switching times of the respective Reed switches, determines die surge current variable from the allocation of the determined values to the respective Reed switch and the pulse form from the switching time, wherein, for the purpose of adjusting the response behavior, at least one of the Reed switches comprises a shielding for influencing the magnetic field acting on the respective Reed switch.

A power control apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a first interconnection relay and a second interconnection relay configured to interconnect or parallel off an inverter to or from a power grid, a reference potential relay configured to set a neutral phase of an independent operation output system to a reference potential, voltage sensors respectively installed between the first interconnection relay and the inverter and between the first interconnection relay and the power grid, voltage sensors respectively installed between the second interconnection relay and the inverter and between the second interconnection relay and the power grid, and a controller configured to turn the reference potential relay on to set the neutral phase to the reference potential and then to judge whether a state of each interconnection relay is normal on the basis of voltage values measured by the voltage sensors.

The invention relates to a method for detecting electrical currents on or near electrical conductors with at least one reed switch as a magnetically responsive switch, which is arranged near the electrical conductor such that when there is a significant current flow through the conductor, the magnetic field created triggers the switch and initiates evaluation electronics connected to the switch. For the detection of surge current variables and differentiation between long-term pulsed currents and short-term pulsed currents, a plurality of reed switches is arranged at pre-determined, different, increasing distances from the electrical switch, the evaluation electronics determining the response and the switching times of the respective reed switches. The surge current variables are determined from the association of the determined values with the respective reed switch and the pulse shape from the switching time.