The present disclosure provides for an electronic sensor for detecting a root of a plant in soil, the electronic sensor that includes a first conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil, a switch, a power supply, and a signal extractor. The switch is electrically coupled to the first conductor plate and is configured to switch between a first mode and a second mode. The power supply is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to provide an electrical charge to the first conductor plate in the first mode of the switch. The signal extractor is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to extract a signal response at the first conductor plate in the second mode of the switch. The present disclosure further provides a second conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil adjacent to and substantially parallel to the first conductor plate. The second conductor plate is electrically coupled to ground.

The present disclosure provides for an electronic sensor for detecting a root of a plant in soil, the electronic sensor that includes a first conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil, a switch, a power supply, and a signal extractor. The switch is electrically coupled to the first conductor plate and is configured to switch between a first mode and a second mode. The power supply is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to provide an electrical charge to the first conductor plate in the first mode of the switch. The signal extractor is electrically coupled to the switch and is configured to extract a signal response at the first conductor plate in the second mode of the switch. The present disclosure further provides a second conductor plate configured to be disposed in soil adjacent to and substantially parallel to the first conductor plate. The second conductor plate is electrically coupled to ground.

A sensor apparatus includes a sensor head and a measurement unit. The sensor head includes a first probe and a second probe. The first probe includes a first tiny antenna section for transmission and a second tiny antenna section for transmission. The second probe is arranged at a predetermined distance from the first probe, and includes a first tiny antenna section for reception and a second tiny antenna section for reception. The measurement unit generates a measurement signal that includes information regarding characteristics of a propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium between the first tiny antenna section for transmission and the first tiny antenna section for reception, and information regarding characteristics of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the medium between the second tiny antenna section for transmission and the second tiny antenna section for reception. The first probe and the second probe have different probe lengths, or a distance between the first tiny antenna section for transmission and the first tiny antenna section for reception, and a distance between the second tiny antenna section for transmission and the second tiny antenna section for reception are different from each other.

A method of measuring hematocrit is provided. The method for measuring hematocrit includes the following steps. A test strip is provided. The test strip includes a reaction region and a pair of electrodes disposed in the reaction region. A whole blood sample is entered to the reaction region. After the whole blood sample enters the reaction region, a plurality of sets of square wave voltages are intermittently applied to the pair of electrodes based on a square wave voltammetry method to obtain a plurality of feedbacks related to hematocrit. An interval between two adjacent sets of square wave voltages ranges from 0.1 seconds to 4 seconds. A feedback of an n-th set of square wave voltages is obtained to calculate a hematocrit value of the whole blood sample and n is a positive integer greater than 1. A hematocrit value is calculated according to the feedback.

A method of measuring hematocrit is provided. The method for measuring hematocrit includes the following steps. A test strip is provided. The test strip includes a reaction region and a pair of electrodes disposed in the reaction region. A whole blood sample is entered to the reaction region. After the whole blood sample enters the reaction region, a plurality of sets of square wave voltages are intermittently applied to the pair of electrodes based on a square wave voltammetry method to obtain a plurality of feedbacks related to hematocrit. An interval between two adjacent sets of square wave voltages ranges from 0.1 seconds to 4 seconds. A feedback of an n-th set of square wave voltages is obtained to calculate a hematocrit value of the whole blood sample and n is a positive integer greater than 1. A hematocrit value is calculated according to the feedback.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an interrogation device that is operable to apply one or more source signals to one or more coils surrounding a volume, where a material is disposed within the volume. Each of the one or more source signals may excite one of the one or more coils, and the behavior of each the one or more coils responsive to the exciting may be monitored. One or more parameters may be determined based on the behavior of each the one or more coils, and the one or more parameters may be utilized to generate a signature for the material within the volume. The signature may be compared to one or more signatures of known materials to identify the material within the volume.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an interrogation device that is operable to apply one or more source signals to one or more coils surrounding a volume, where a material is disposed within the volume. Each of the one or more source signals may excite one of the one or more coils, and the behavior of each the one or more coils responsive to the exciting may be monitored. One or more parameters may be determined based on the behavior of each the one or more coils, and the one or more parameters may be utilized to generate a signature for the material within the volume. The signature may be compared to one or more signatures of known materials to identify the material within the volume.

Provided is a gas detection device that includes a gas sensor, a power supply circuit that applies voltage to the gas sensor, and a control circuit that determines whether a leak of gas is present. The power supply circuit includes a reset power source that generates a first voltage, and a detection power source that generates a detection voltage for measuring resistance of a metal-oxide layer of the gas sensor. When a value of a current flowing through the metal-oxide layer is a predetermined value ITH or greater, the reset power source applies the first voltage to the gas sensor to perform a reset of resetting the metal-oxide layer of the gas sensor to a high-resistance state, and the control circuit determines that a leak of gas is present, depending on a state in which the reset is performed after the reset is performed for the first time.

Provided is a gas detection device that includes a gas sensor, a power supply circuit that applies voltage to the gas sensor, and a control circuit that determines whether a leak of gas is present. The power supply circuit includes a reset power source that generates a first voltage, and a detection power source that generates a detection voltage for measuring resistance of a metal-oxide layer of the gas sensor. When a value of a current flowing through the metal-oxide layer is a predetermined value ITH or greater, the reset power source applies the first voltage to the gas sensor to perform a reset of resetting the metal-oxide layer of the gas sensor to a high-resistance state, and the control circuit determines that a leak of gas is present, depending on a state in which the reset is performed after the reset is performed for the first time.

A device for purifying a product by crystallization includes: a feed unit having a solution in which the total product concentration is substantially completely dissolved or a suspension with the total product concentration; a crystallization unit in which the product crystallizes and forms a solids content; a separation unit in which the crystallized product is separated from the solution or suspension; a temperature control unit for controlling temperature at least in the feed unit and/or the crystallization unit; and a control and evaluation unit that determines the total product concentration and/or the concentration of the solids content and/or the concentration of the dissolved product content and/or the concentration of an impurity content, taking into account the measured values of connected temperature sensors and of connected impedance sensors.