An access system for a vehicle includes a receiver and an access module. The receiver is configured to receive a signal transmitted from a portable access device to the vehicle. The access module is configured to: generate a differentiated signal based on the received signal; up-sample the differentiated signal to generate a first up-sampled signal; obtain or generate an expected signal; up-sample the expected signal to generate a second up-sampled signal; cross-correlate the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal to generate a cross-correlation signal; based on the cross-correlation signal, determine a phase difference between the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal; determine a round trip time of the signal received by the receiver; and permit access to the vehicle based on the round trip time.

A method and apparatus of a first network entity in a wireless communication system is provide. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying at least one set of bit strings to generate a ranging scrambled timestamp sequence (STS); identifying at least one initialization vector (IV) field corresponding to the at least one set of bit strings, wherein the at least one IV field comprises a 4-octet string; generating a ranging STS key and IV information element (RSKI IE) that includes the at least one IV field to convey and align a seed that is used to generate the ranging STS; and transmitting, to a second network entity, the generated RSKI IE for updating the ranging STS of the second network entity.

A method and apparatus of a first network entity in a wireless communication system is provide. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying at least one set of bit strings to generate a ranging scrambled timestamp sequence (STS); identifying at least one initialization vector (IV) field corresponding to the at least one set of bit strings, wherein the at least one IV field comprises a 4-octet string; generating a ranging STS key and IV information element (RSKI IE) that includes the at least one IV field to convey and align a seed that is used to generate the ranging STS; and transmitting, to a second network entity, the generated RSKI IE for updating the ranging STS of the second network entity.

An access system for a vehicle includes a receiver and an access module. The receiver is configured to receive a signal transmitted from a portable access device to the vehicle. The access module is configured to: generate a differentiated signal based on the received signal; up-sample the differentiated signal to generate a first up-sampled signal; obtain or generate an expected signal; up-sample the expected signal to generate a second up-sampled signal; cross-correlate the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal to generate a cross-correlation signal; based on the cross-correlation signal, determine a phase difference between the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal; determine a round trip time of the signal received by the receiver; and permit access to the vehicle based on the round trip time.

A method and apparatus of a first network entity in a wireless communication system is provide. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying at least one set of bit strings to generate a ranging scrambled timestamp sequence (STS); identifying at least one initialization vector (IV) field corresponding to the at least one set of bit strings, wherein the at least one IV field comprises a 4-octet string; generating a ranging STS key and IV information element (RSKI IE) that includes the at least one IV field to convey and align a seed that is used to generate the ranging STS; and transmitting, to a second network entity, the generated RSKI IE for updating the ranging STS of the second network entity.

A method and apparatus of a first network entity in a wireless communication system is provide. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying at least one set of bit strings to generate a ranging scrambled timestamp sequence (STS); identifying at least one initialization vector (IV) field corresponding to the at least one set of bit strings, wherein the at least one IV field comprises a 4-octet string; generating a ranging STS key and IV information element (RSKI IE) that includes the at least one IV field to convey and align a seed that is used to generate the ranging STS; and transmitting, to a second network entity, the generated RSKI IE for updating the ranging STS of the second network entity.

The Radiofrequency Identification and Location System represents a novel system and method for locating a Remote Transceiver by means of a Tracking Transceiver whereby the Tracking Transceiver transmits its identification (ID) to the Remote Transceiver which responds with its own ID. The IDs consist of unique PN code sequences which alternately can be PN cover codes and orthogonal codes. A Remote Transceiver can respond to multiple Tracking Transceivers simultaneously while a Tracking Transceiver can receive from multiple Remote Transceivers. By measuring the transit time of its transmitted PN code with respect to the PN code received from a Remote Transceiver, the Tracking Transceiver can measure the distance to that Remote Transceiver and home in gradually.

An access system for a vehicle includes a receiver and an access module. The receiver is configured to receive a signal transmitted from a portable access device to the vehicle. The access module is configured to: generate a differentiated signal based on the received signal; up-sample the differentiated signal to generate a first up-sampled signal; obtain or generate an expected signal; up-sample the expected signal to generate a second up-sampled signal; cross-correlate the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal to generate a cross-correlation signal; based on the cross-correlation signal, determine a phase difference between the first up-sampled signal and the second up-sampled signal; determine a round trip time of the signal received by the receiver; and permit access to the vehicle based on the round trip time.

A communication system that performs first communication and second communication, which differs from the first communication, through wireless connection between a terminal and a communication peer, is provided. The communication system includes communication devices arranged in the communication peer. At least one of the communication devices performs the second communication. The communication devices include a first communication device and a second communication device, which differs from the first communication device. The first communication device is connected to a controller that controls the communication devices, and the second communication device is connected to the first communication device.

Architectures and techniques for radar interference detection are provided. A radar sensor system in accordance with the present disclosure may receive, via a radio frequency (RF) receiver, radar signals including a radar signal of interest and one or more interfering radar signals. The radar sensor system may calculate a Doppler spectrum for each of the radar signals and perform a chirplet transform on the Doppler spectrum to generate various waveform parameters. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) may be performed on the waveform parameters to extract frequency features of the radar signals. The radar sensor system may classify the frequency features using a classifier to identify interfering frequency features associated with the interfering radar signals using a classifier. The radar sensor system may further extract interfering waveform information based on the interfering frequency features of the interfering RF signals. Interference mitigation may be performed utilizing the interfering waveform information.