A telescope includes an initial telescope comprising a concave first mirror and a convex second mirror that are configured so that they form, from a light beam coming from infinity, an image called the intermediate image in a focal plane called the intermediate focal plane, the intermediate image having a largest dimension along an X-axis perpendicular to an optical axis of the telescope, a segmenting module comprising a first set of n segmenting mirrors that are placed downstream of the intermediate focal plane and that are configured to divide the intermediate image obtained from the intermediate focal plane into n sub-images, a second set of n refocusing mirrors that are configured to reimage the n sub-images into n images in a focal plane of the telescope, the images being arranged in the focal plane so as to decrease the dimension along X containing the n images, a detecting device placed in the focal plane.

A tunable filter may include an input focusing optic, an output focusing optic, a linearly-varying filter located at a back focal plane of the input focusing optic and a front focal plane of the output focusing optic, an input angular scanning component located at a front focal plane of the input focusing optic configured to receive an input beam, and an output angular scanning component located at a back focal plane of the output focusing optic. The input focusing optic may receive the input beam from the input angular scanning component and direct the input beam to the linearly-varying filter, where a position of the input beam on the linearly-varying filter is selectable based on an angle of the input angular scanning component. The output focusing optic may receive a filtered beam from the linearly-varying filter and direct the filtered beam to the output angular scanning component.

A reflective beam former for changing a diameter of a collimated light beam. A first mirror surface of a first curvature type, a second mirror surface and a third mirror surface are in a beam path; the shapes of the surfaces cause a collimated light beam entering the beam former via a first or third mirror surface to leave via the third or first mirror surface, respectively. The beam former includes several third, curved mirror surfaces of a second, different curvature type, one type being convex, the other concave. The second mirror surface is a plane mirror surface with an axis perpendicular to the plane mirror surface, and is in the beam path between the first and one selected from the several third mirror surfaces such that the surfaces are confocal to each other. The beam former includes a selector for selecting one of the several third curved mirror surfaces.

There is provided a projection optical system that projects an image of an object onto an image plane. The projection optical system includes an imaging optical system including a first concave mirror, a convex mirror, and a second concave mirror; an optical member having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface each redirecting an optical path; and a supporting member that supports the convex mirror. The first reflecting surface, the first concave mirror, the convex mirror, the second concave mirror, and the second reflecting surface are provided in that order in a direction of travel of light from an object plane. The optical member has a through hole having an opening on a side facing the convex mirror. The supporting member extends through the through hole and from the opening to the convex mirror.

A digital exposure apparatus includes a lens array, the lens array at least including a first lens unit and a second lens unit, a light transposition assembly arranged on an exit light path of the second lens unit, and the light transposition assembly being used for controlling a light exiting from the second lens unit to be transposed with respect to an exposure direction of the digital exposure apparatus. When the digital exposure apparatus is used for exposure, a light passing through the first lens unit and a light penetrating through the second lens unit are needed to expose the same position for multiple times.

A method for adjusting the magnification scale of an optical imaging device for exposing or inspecting substrates is provided. The optical imaging device includes a first optical element group, which includes a plurality of first optical elements in an imaging beam path. The method includes replacing optical elements of the first optical element group in the imaging beam path by optical elements of a second optical element group for the purposes of adjusting the magnification scale. The first optical element group includes two reflecting optical elements with first optical parameters, which define a first Petzval sum. The second optical element group includes two reflecting optical elements with second optical parameters, which define a second Petzval sum. The value of the first Petzval sum is at least substantially identical to the value of the second Petzval sum.

An optical assembly is manufactured by combining a first optical component with a second optical component. The optical components each comprise respective optical surfaces and alignment structures. The first optical surface is aligned with respect to the second optical surface by a connection between the alignment structures and their predefined relative positions with respect to the optical surfaces. The relative positions are determined by a high-accuracy manufacturing process such as diamond turning wherein, for each optical component, a respective alignment structure is manufactured together with a respect optical surface from a single work piece.

An eye-mounted device includes a contact lens and an embedded imaging system. The front aperture of the imaging system faces away from the user's eye so that the image sensor in the imaging system detects imagery of a user's external environment. The optics for the imaging system has a folded optical path, which is advantageous for fitting the imaging system into the limited space within the contact lens. In one design, the optics for the imaging system is based on a two mirror design, with a concave mirror followed by a convex mirror.

Disclosed are systems for transmitting and receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and an optical signal. One system may include a communication terminal comprising a primary concave reflector providing a first focal length to a focal point, and a secondary concave reflector providing a second focal length to the focal point. The communication terminal may further comprise an optical transceiver facing the secondary concave reflector, and one or more RF transceivers facing the primary concave reflector. The optical transceiver may be configured to transmit and receive the optical signal via the primary and secondary concave reflectors through the focal point, and the one or more RF transceivers may be configured to transmit and receive the RF signal via the primary concave reflector. The one or more RF transceivers may be positioned adjacent to the focal point and offset from a path of the optical signal.

A digital exposure apparatus includes a lens array, the lens array at least including a first lens unit and a second lens unit, a light transposition assembly arranged on an exit light path of the second lens unit, and the light transposition assembly being used for controlling a light exiting from the second lens unit to be transposed with respect to an exposure direction of the digital exposure apparatus. When the digital exposure apparatus is used for exposure, a light passing through the first lens unit and a light penetrating through the second lens unit are needed to expose the same position for multiple times.