A black matrix substrate assembly including a transparent substrate, a black matrix pattern, a transparent resin layer, a resin wall pattern, a light reflective layer, and a transparent protective layer. The black matrix pattern includes first and second black linear segments with a width Ax of each first segment in a first direction. The resin wall pattern includes first and second wall linear segments with a width Dx of each first segment smaller than the width Ax in the first direction and the center line of each first segment aligned with that of the corresponding first black linear segment. The light reflective layer includes first and second reflective linear segments with a width Cx of each first segment larger than the width Dx in the first direction and the center line of each first segment aligned with that of the corresponding first black linear segment.

A beam guide guides a laser beam on a device for extreme ultraviolet lithography. The beam guide has a scraper mirror for coupling out laser radiation and a positioning device for positioning the scraper mirror in a positioning plane defined by first and second positioning axes. The positioning device contains first and second positioning units assigned to the first and second positioning axes, respectively. The first positioning unit has a first linear guide and a first positioning drive. By the first positioning drive, the scraper mirror is moved together with the mirror-side guide element of the first linear guide relative to the mirror-remote guide element of the first linear guide along the first positioning axis into a target position. The second positioning unit has a second linear guide and a second positioning drive, the second linear guide has a mirror-side guide element and a mirror-remote guide element.

A non-imaging concentrator is employed in an upside down configuration in which light enters a smaller aperture and exits a larger aperture. The input angle of light rays may be as large as 180 degrees, while the maximum exit angle is limited to the acceptance angle of the non-imaging concentrator. A dichroic filter placed at the larger aperture has a maximum angle of incidence equal to the acceptance angle of the non-imaging concentrator.

The present disclosure relates to adhesives useful in preventing drifting during lamination of light redirecting films applied to photovoltaic cells. The adhesives of the present disclosure have other useful applications in bonding and/or affixing other solar energy components.

An optical panel deploys stacks of spaced apart louvers with reflective surface for redirecting exterior sunlight to day light the interior of room ceiling distal from windows. The reflective surfaces my be shaped with modulations in shape to enhance the spreading of reflected light under various lighting conditions that occur as the sun moves through the sky during the day.

A heliostat field layout for a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant includes a plurality of heliostats arranged adjacent each other (e.g., side-by-side) in a first arc spaced from a tower comprising a solar receiver. A second plurality of heliostats are arranged adjacent each other (e.g., side-by-side) in one or more additional arcs spaced from each other and spaced from the first arc, each additional arc spaced from a previous of the additional arcs by a radial distance that defines an aisle, the radial distance between a pair of adj acent arcs being equal to or greater than the radial distance between a previous pair of adjacent arcs in a direction away from the tower. The heliostats are arranged in the arcs in a non-staggered manner.

A dynamic light source for a display is disclosed. The dynamic light source comprises a first light source located inside a first device; and a second light source. The first device is configured to allow light from the first light source to exit the first device in a first cone of angles and to reflect light incident outside the cone of angles back towards the first light source. The first device is configured such that injected light from the second light source is reflected by the first light source in a second cone of angles substantially coincident with the first cone of angles and that light output by the first device from the second light source is attenuated more than light output by the first light source, and an amount of attenuation is based on an intended dynamic power range of the dynamic light source.

The optical assembly disclosed in the embodiment includes a housing having an inclined bottom surface, a plurality of inner surfaces around an outer periphery of the bottom surface, and a receiving space in which an upper portion is opened; and a lighting module disposed on the inclined bottom surface, wherein the lighting module includes a substrate inclinedly disposed on the inclined bottom surface; at least one light emitting device disposed on the substrate; and a resin layer sealing the light emitting device and the substrate, wherein an upper surface of the resin layer emits light by diffusing light emitted from the light emitting device, wherein the plurality of inner surfaces includes a first inner surface adjacent to the light emitting device, a second inner surface facing the first inner surface, and third and fourth inner surfaces facing each other and disposed between the first and second inner surfaces, wherein a height between the bottom surface of the housing and an upper surface of the housing increases from the first inner surface toward the second inner surface, and decreases from the third inner surface toward the fourth inner surface.

The optical assembly disclosed in the embodiment includes a housing having an inclined bottom surface, a plurality of inner surfaces around an outer periphery of the bottom surface, and a receiving space in which an upper portion is opened; and a lighting module disposed on the inclined bottom surface, wherein the lighting module includes a substrate inclinedly disposed on the inclined bottom surface; at least one light emitting device disposed on the substrate; and a resin layer sealing the light emitting device and the substrate, wherein an upper surface of the resin layer emits light by diffusing light emitted from the light emitting device, wherein the plurality of inner surfaces includes a first inner surface adjacent to the light emitting device, a second inner surface facing the first inner surface, and third and fourth inner surfaces facing each other and disposed between the first and second inner surfaces, wherein a height between the bottom surface of the housing and an upper surface of the housing increases from the first inner surface toward the second inner surface, and decreases from the third inner surface toward the fourth inner surface.

An electromagnetic wave-trapping device including two surfaces, each disposed in a plane, the two surfaces disposed at a first angle with respect to one another to form an opening, one of the two surfaces is configured to be orientated such that an incident electromagnetic ray through the opening, is disposed at a second angle with respect to the one of the two surfaces.