An illuminator usable for illuminating a display panel is disclosed. The illuminator uses a pupil-replicating waveguide to expand a pair of light beams propagating in the waveguide. The light beams may be coupled at a same edge and/or at opposite edges of the waveguide, and are configured to fill each other's dark spots between out-coupled beam portions of the light beams. To improve the illumination uniformity, the two light beams may be orthogonally polarized, and the out-coupling grating strength may be spatially varied along the waveguide.

Disclosed is a lamp for a vehicle including a light source that outputs light, a light guide provided on a front side of the light source, and an inner lens provided on a front side of the light guide, the light guide includes an input area, into which the light is input from the light source, a reflection area connected to the input area, extending in one direction, and that totally reflects the light input from the input area, and an output area formed in an opposite direction to the input area with respect to the reflection area, connected to the reflection area, and in which the light reflected by the reflection area travels in a direction that faces the inner lens.

A luminaire including: at least one light source (2), and an optical system (10, 11, 12a, 12b) for directing and/or distributing the light (5) emitted by the source(s) (2) into a desired output light distribution pattern (7); wherein the optical system comprises one or more optical elements (10, 11, 12a, 12b), the or each said optical element (10, 11, 12a, 12b) comprising a thin foil or sheet substrate having at least one optically functional surface or surface layer thereon or on a portion thereof, and wherein: (i) at least a portion of the at least one optically functional surface or surface layer on the substrate of at least one of the one or more optical elements (10, 11, 12a, 12b) has an at least partially diffractive optical function, and/or (ii) at least a portion of the at least one of the one or more optical elements (10, 11, 12a, 12b) is shaped such that its substrate is configured so as to have a non-flat or non-planar shape in three dimensions.

A lighting lamp is provided. The lighting lamp includes a light module and a lens. The lens includes a lens body, provided with a first end and a second end which are opposite to each other and a side wall located between the first end and the second end, in which a light source of the lighting lamp is arranged at the first end, and at least a portion of the side wall is configured as a light emitting component. The lens also includes a light incident component, arranged at the first end of the lens body, in which the light incident component irradiates light emitted by the light source to the second end. The lens includes a light reflecting component, arranged at the second end of the lens body.

A light projection method for a moving body which is performed by a processor of the moving body is provided. The method comprises: irradiating light from a light source of the moving body; scanning the light irradiated from the light source with an angle range that is formed by swing a mirror portion of an optical scanner of the moving body; acquiring change information of the angle range at which the mirror portion swings; changing the angle range at which the mirror portion swings based on the acquired change information; and changing an irradiation range of the light irradiated from the light source.

Provided is a lamp for a vehicle capable of achieving uniform brightness while improving sharpness of a light irradiation pattern. The vehicle lamp includes a light source system; and an optical system configured to allow light emitted from the light source system to be incident to the optical system through a plurality of incident lenses and to exit through a plurality of exit lenses corresponding to the plurality of incident lenses. The plurality of exit lenses include a first exit lens configured to output light therefrom in a first direction, and a second exit lens configured to output light therefrom in a second direction that is tilted by a predetermined angle with respect to the first direction.

A purpose of the present invention is to realize a prism sheet in which an outer shape is circular and has a concentric prism array. The present invention includes the structure: A prism sheet has a circular outer shape and a concentric prism array on one surface, in which groove is formed in radial direction from a center of the concentric prism array so as to cross the concentric prism array. The air entrained in the prism array during manufacturing is exhausted through the groove.

An optical device includes a reflector-section that includes a light-ingress surface for receiving light from a light source, a reflector surface for reflecting the light based on total internal reflection, and a light-egress surface through which the reflected light exits the optical device. When the light source is at a predetermined position with respect to the optical device, an angle of incidence (θ.sub.i) of the light at the light-egress surface is a polarization angle at which a p-polarized component of the light is transmitted through the light-egress surface without being reflected by the light-egress surface. Thus, unwanted reflections at the light-egress surface can be reduced and thereby unwanted scattering of light is reduced while having good transmitting efficacy.

Provided according to an exemplary embodiment is a heater for an aerosol generation device, the heater comprising a plurality of segments combined together to form an insertion portion into which an object-to-be-heated is inserted; one or more electrically conductive tracks printed on one surface of each of the plurality of segments and disposed toward the object-to-be-heated; and an elastic member configured to surround at least a part of the plurality of segments.

One embodiment relates to a lens comprising: a lower end portion having an incident surface to which light is incident; and an upper end portion having an emitting surface allowing the light having passed through the incident surface to pass therethrough, wherein the ratio of an incidence angle and an emission angle on a first plane and/or the ratio of an incidence angle and an emission angle on a second plane is smaller than the ratio of an incidence angle and an emission angle on a third plane, the incidence angle is an angle of the light incident to the incident surface with respect to a center axis, the emission angle is an angle of the light emitted from the emitting surface with respect to the center axis, each of the first to third planes is a plane passing the center axis and is parallel to a first direction, the first plane is perpendicular to the second plane, the third plane is positioned between the first plane and the second plane, the center axis passes the center of the lens and is parallel to the first direction, and the first direction is a direction facing the lower end portion from the upper end portion.