The present disclosure relates to a decoration member comprising a color developing layer comprising a light reflective layer and a light absorbing layer provided on the light reflective layer; and a substrate provided on one surface of the color developing layer, wherein the light absorbing layer comprises a molybdenum-titanium oxide (Mo.sub.aTi.sub.bO.sub.x).

An optical member includes: a substrate; and a dot formed on a surface of the substrate. The dot has wavelength selective reflecting properties, and a cholesteric structure which has a stripe pattern including bright and dark portions in a cross-sectional view of the dot when observed with a scanning electron microscope. A surface shape of the dot opposite to the substrate in a cross-section of the dot in a thickness direction has at least one inflection point. In the cross-section, an angle between a normal line perpendicular to a line, formed using a first dark portion from a surface of the dot opposite to the substrate, and the surface of the dot, is in a range of 70° to 90°. A proportion of a retroreflective area of the optical member is high when observed after light irradiation from an oblique direction to a normal direction perpendicular to the optical member.

An optical member includes: a substrate; and a dot formed on a surface of the substrate. The dot has wavelength selective reflecting properties, and a cholesteric structure which has a stripe pattern including bright and dark portions in a cross-sectional view of the dot when observed with a scanning electron microscope. A surface shape of the dot opposite to the substrate in a cross-section of the dot in a thickness direction has at least one inflection point. In the cross-section, an angle between a normal line perpendicular to a line, formed using a first dark portion from a surface of the dot opposite to the substrate, and the surface of the dot, is in a range of 70° to 90°. A proportion of a retroreflective area of the optical member is high when observed after light irradiation from an oblique direction to a normal direction perpendicular to the optical member.

The invention relates to an adaptive optical system (1) comprising: an adaptive optical device (2) comprising an optical processing surface (3) and a driving device (5) for controllably modifying the optical behaviour of said optical processing surface (3), an optical analyser (6) intended to be subjected to an input light beam (7) in order to produce, in response, output signals (8, 9, 10), a control device (11) connected to the optical analyser (6) and to the driving device (5) in order to command the latter depending on said output signals (8, 9, 10), characterised in that said optical analyser (6) is designed to spatially demultiplex, via multi-plane light conversion, the input light beams (7) into a plurality of elementary output light beams (80, 90, 100). Adaptive optical systems.

The disclosure relates to an optical security feature that is based on a single axis alignment of mirrors or facets in a structured surface that forms a micro mirror array. In an aspect, a device is described that includes a reflecting structure on a first layer, where the reflecting structure has a top surface with multiple embossed facets arranged in a spatial orientation that produces a flat ring optical effect upon incidence of light. In another aspect, a method for making the device is described that provides a reflecting layer and produces the reflecting structure on the reflecting layer with multiple facets arranged in the spatial orientation to produce the flat ring optical effect. In yet another aspect, an apparatus for making the device is described that includes a pressing device and a stamping device to transfer a pattern of the reflecting structure to a reflecting material.

A reflective marker including first and second reflectors, each having a first and second reflective outer surfaces spaced apart by a peripheral rim. The first reflector further including a central region including a first open portion extending through the first reflector peripheral rim and a raised rib defining a blind hole extending from the first open portion for receiving a support post. The second reflector further including a central region including a second open portion extending through the second reflector peripheral rim and a raised rib defining a through bore extending from the second open portion for receiving the support post. The first open portion of the first reflector central region is sized to receive the raised rib of the second reflector central region and the second open portion of the second reflector central region is sized to receive the raised rib of the first reflector central region.

A target object providing a large angular incidence range for retroreflection and a reduced amount of interfering reflections. The target object is configured to provide a 360° all-around retroreflection about a vertical axis and ±45° angular incidence range from the horizontal. According to one aspect, the target object comprises eight triple prisms arranged around the arrangement axis in such a way that their contour embeds in an octahedral shape, wherein four of the eight triple prisms are arranged to embed in a first pyramidal body and other four of the eight triple prisms are arranged to embed in a second pyramidal body. Each of the first and the second pyramidal bodies comprises a pyramid base and four lateral surfaces, wherein the pyramid bases of the first and the second pyramidal bodies are arranged parallel to each other.

A target object providing a large angular incidence range for retroreflection and a reduced amount of interfering reflections. The target object is configured to provide a 360° all-around retroreflection about a vertical axis and ±45° angular incidence range from the horizontal. According to one aspect, the target object comprises eight triple prisms arranged around the arrangement axis in such a way that their contour embeds in an octahedral shape, wherein four of the eight triple prisms are arranged to embed in a first pyramidal body and other four of the eight triple prisms are arranged to embed in a second pyramidal body. Each of the first and the second pyramidal bodies comprises a pyramid base and four lateral surfaces, wherein the pyramid bases of the first and the second pyramidal bodies are arranged parallel to each other.

Provided are systems and methods related to calibration courses and calibration targets, which can be configured for calibrating sensors used in vehicles, such as vehicles that include autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle systems, or other mobile robots. As an example, a system can include a drivable path comprising a plurality of turns, a plurality of calibration targets proximate to the drivable path, and a plurality of obstacles in the drivable path. The plurality of calibration targets are positioned so as to be detectable by at least one sensor of a vehicle as the vehicle traverses the drivable path, and at least one particular obstacle of the plurality of obstacles changes an angle of the at least one sensor relative to at least one calibration target as the vehicle traverses the drivable path

A reflector unit may behave as a retroreflector to reflect light of a selected color. The reflector unit may comprise a first reflector having a first color, a second reflector having a second color, and a mask that either allows incoming light to reach the first reflector and not the second reflector or allows incoming light to reach the second reflector and not the first reflector. An active light unit may emit light of a particular color in response to receiving light. In this fashion, the active light unit may simulate the operation of a reflector. The reflector unit and the active light unit may operate on a bi-directional vehicle.