The present invention is to provide an appropriate configuration of a VUV polarizer that can be used for such a process as photo-alignment. The VUV polarizer can polarize VUV light not more than 200 nm in wavelength, and has a substrate transparent to the VUV light and a grid on the substrate. The grid is formed of a lot of linear parts in parallel and structured with no filler between the linear parts. A material of each linear part is an oxide of a Group 3 element or Group 4 element, and makes PE not less than 0.2 under an optical constant combination making PE maximum in the VUV range, where PE=T.sup.2×log.sub.10(ER), T is the transmittance of the grid, and ER is the extinction ratio of the grid. A workpiece is subjected to a photo-alignment processing by irradiation of VUV polarized light emitting from the VUV polarizer.

This polarized light-emitting film contains a water-soluble coumarin compound represented by formula (1) (in formula (1), A represents an optionally substituted coumarin skeleton, X represents a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.) or a salt thereof.

##STR00001##

A display is provided. The display includes a plurality of light-emitting elements configured to emit a first light associated with a first predetermined wavelength band. The display also includes an optical assembly including a reflective polarizer, a color conversion layer, and a color filter layer. The optical assembly is configured to at least partially convert the first light associated with the first predetermined wavelength band into a second light associated with a second predetermined wavelength band, the second light being a polarized light of a predetermined polarization.

A reflective wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of wires 12 on a face of a substrate 11, with channels 15 between adjacent wires 12. The wires 12 can have certain characteristics for WGP performance, such as index of refraction, alternating high/low index continuous thin films, thickness of layer(s), duty cycle, reflective rib shape, a curved side of transparent ribs 21 or 32, aspect ratio, or combinations thereof.

It would be advantageous to improve polarizer high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, optical properties, and etchability. Composite polarizer materials can be used to achieve this. A polarizer can comprise polarization structures configured for polarization of light. The polarization structures can include a reflective rib, the reflective rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarization structures can include an absorptive rib, the absorptive rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarizer can include a transparent layer, the transparent layer being a composite of two different elements.

A reflective wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of wires 12 on a face of a substrate 11, with channels 15 between adjacent wires 12. The wires 12 can have certain characteristics for WGP performance, such as index of refraction, alternating high/low index continuous thin films, thickness of layer(s), duty cycle, reflective rib shape, a curved side of transparent ribs 21 or 32, aspect ratio, or combinations thereof.

Provided is a display device including a display panel and a polarization member on the display panel, wherein the polarization member includes a polarizer, and a plurality of functional layers on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein at least one of the plurality of functional layers includes a first light absorbing dye that absorbs light having a wavelength of about 380 nm to about 450 nm.

A grid polarizing element has a structure that can prevent deteriorations due to an oxidization gas. The grid polarizing element is preferably used to polarize light in a ultraviolet light region. The grid polarizing element includes a transparent substrate and a grid layer disposed on the transparent substrate. The grid layer has a plurality of linear portions, and is shaped like a stripe. The grid layer is covered with a gas blocking layer to block the oxidization gas generated by the ultraviolet light such as ozone and active oxygen species. The gas blocking layer is transparent at a wavelength of the light to be polarized.

An embedded, inverse wire-grid polarizer (WGP) includes ribs 13 located over a surface of a transparent substrate 11, gaps 16 between the ribs 13, and a fill-layer 15 substantially filling the gaps 16. The fill-layer has a relatively high index of refraction, such as greater than 1.4. At a wavelength of light incident upon the WGP, E.sub.∥ transmission can be greater than E.sub.⊥ transmission. E.sub.⊥ is a polarization of light with an electric field oscillation parallel to a length L of the ribs, and E.sub.⊥ is a polarization of light with an electric field oscillation perpendicular to a length L of the ribs. This embedded, inverse WGP is especially useful for polarizing, with high WGP performance, small wavelength (high-energy) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g. UV) which are difficult to polarize with conventional WGPs (E.sub.⊥ transmission>E.sub.∥ transmission).

An absorptive grid polarization element includes a transparent substrate, and a stripe-like grid provided on the transparent substrate. Each of a plurality of linear parts which form the grid absorbs more s polarization light than p polarization light, and thus achieves a polarizing action. The transparent substrate is made of quartz glass. Each of the linear parts includes a second layer formed on the transparent substrate, and a first layer formed on the second layer. The first layers are formed from amorphous titanium oxide. The second layers are formed from amorphous silicon.