A sheet including a reflector having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface; a first selective light modulator layer external to of the first surface of the reflector; and a second selective light modulator layer external to the second surface of the reflector; wherein the third surface of the reflector is open is disclosed. A method of making a sheet is also disclosed.

A reflective structure includes an input/output port and an optical splitter coupled to the input/output port. The optical splitter has a first branch and a second branch. The reflective structure also includes a first resonant cavity optically coupled to the first branch of the optical splitter. The first resonant cavity comprises a first set of reflectors and a first waveguide region disposed between the first set of reflectors. The reflective structure further includes a second resonant cavity optically coupled to the second branch of the optical splitter. The second resonant cavity comprises a second set of reflectors and a second waveguide region disposed between the second set of reflectors.

A single quantum emitter single photon source produces a single photon stream and includes: a single-mode excitation waveguide that receives a pump light, propagates pump light as resonant excitation light, and produces evanescent excitation light; a separation gap between single-mode excitation waveguide and a multi-mode intermediate waveguide; a multi-mode intermediate waveguide that: includes a single quantum emitter, evanescently receives the evanescent excitation light from the single-mode excitation waveguide, propagates the evanescent excitation light as resonant excitation light, and subjects the single quantum emitter to the resonant excitation light such that the single quantum emitter produces emitted single photons; and a single-mode output waveguide that receives the emitted single photons from the multi-mode intermediate waveguide and propagates the emitted single photons as an emitted single photon stream.

Apparatus, systems, and methods include leveraging the angular dependence of the angle of arrival of the incoming optical signal at an optical resonator and the output response signal to adjust the operating condition of the optical resonator. The optical resonator is dynamically tuned by rotating the optical resonator to optimize signal-to-noise ratio or other parameters for different modulation formats of the incoming optical signal or other different operating conditions.

A sheet including a reflector having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface; a first selective light modulator layer external to of the first surface of the reflector; and a second selective light modulator layer external to the second surface of the reflector; wherein the third surface of the reflector is open is disclosed. A method of making a sheet is also disclosed.

A sheet including a reflector having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface; a first selective light modulator layer external to of the first surface of the reflector; and a second selective light modulator layer external to the second surface of the reflector; wherein the third surface of the reflector is open is disclosed. A method of making a sheet is also disclosed.

Apparatus, systems, and methods include leveraging the angular dependence of the angle of arrival of the incoming optical signal at an optical resonator and the output response signal to adjust the operating condition of the optical resonator. The optical resonator is dynamically tuned by rotating the optical resonator to optimize signal-to-noise ratio or other parameters for different modulation formats of the incoming optical signal or other different operating conditions.

A single quantum emitter single photon source produces a single photon stream and includes: a single-mode excitation waveguide that receives a pump light, propagates pump light as resonant excitation light, and produces evanescent excitation light; a separation gap between single-mode excitation waveguide and a multi-mode intermediate waveguide; a multi-mode intermediate waveguide that: includes a single quantum emitter, evanescently receives the evanescent excitation light from the single-mode excitation waveguide, propagates the evanescent excitation light as resonant excitation light, and subjects the single quantum emitter to the resonant excitation light such that the single quantum emitter produces emitted single photons; and a single-mode output waveguide that receives the emitted single photons from the multi-mode intermediate waveguide and propagates the emitted single photons as an emitted single photon stream.

Several optical micro-electromechanical systems (OptoMEMS) are provided. One of the OptoMEMS comprises an OptoMEMS chip, and a photonic chip coupled to the OptoMEMS chip; wherein the OptoMEMS chip comprises a photonic cavity and a first platform on which the photonic cavity is fabricated, and the photonic chip comprises a waveguide and a second platform on which the waveguide is fabricated; wherein the photonic cavity comprises at least one dielectric beam, each of which further comprises at least one array of air holes; wherein the photonic cavity is at least partially made of a photonic crystal, and the lattice constant of the photonic crystal is reduced or increased gradually in a central region of the photonic cavity, allowing the light of a specific frequency to be trapped in the center region.

Optical signal receivers and methods are provided that include multiple optical resonators, each of which receives a portion of an arriving optical signal. Various of the optical resonators are tuned or detuned from a carrier wavelength, and produce an intensity modulated output signal in response to modulation transitions in the arriving optical signal. A detector determines modulation transitions in the arriving optical signal by analyzing the intensity modulation output signals from the optical resonators.