An electro-optic receiver includes a polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) that directs incoming light having a first polarization through a first end of an optical waveguide, and that rotates incoming light from a second polarization to the first polarization to create polarization-rotated light that is directed to a second end of the optical waveguide. The incoming light of the first polarization and the polarization-rotated light travel through the optical waveguide in opposite directions. A plurality of ring resonators is optically coupled the optical waveguide. Each ring resonator is configured to operate at a respective resonant wavelength, such that the incoming light of the first polarization having the respective resonant wavelength optically couples into said ring resonator in a first propagation direction, and such that the polarization-rotated light having the respective resonant wavelength optically couples into said ring resonator in a second propagation direction opposite the first propagation direction.

Examples described herein relate to an optical device, such as, a ring resonator, that includes a ring waveguide. The ring resonator includes a ring waveguide to allow passage of light therethrough. Further, the ring resonator includes a modulator formed along a first section of the circumference of the ring waveguide to modulate the light inside the ring waveguide based on an application of a first reverse bias voltage to the modulator. Moreover, the ring resonator includes an avalanche photodiode (APD) isolated from the modulator and formed along a second section of the circumference of the ring waveguide to detect the intensity of the light inside the ring waveguide based on an application of a second reverse bias voltage to the APD. The second section is shorter than the first section, and the second reverse bias voltage is higher than the first reverse bias voltage.

An electro-optic combiner includes a polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) that directs a portion of incoming light having a first polarization through a first optical waveguide (OW). The PSR rotates a portion of the incoming light having a second polarization to the first polarization to provide polarization-rotated light. The PSR directs the polarization-rotated light through a second OW. Each of the first and second OW's has a respective combiner section. The first and second OW combiner sections extend parallel to each other and have opposite light propagation directions. A plurality of ring resonators is disposed between the combiner sections of the first and second OW's and within an evanescent optically coupling distance of both the first and second OW's. Each of ring resonators operates at a respective resonant wavelength to optically couple light from the combiner section of the first OW into the combiner section of the second OW.

An electro-optic combiner includes a polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) that directs a portion of incoming light having a first polarization through a first optical waveguide (OW). The PSR rotates a portion of the incoming light having a second polarization to the first polarization to provide polarization-rotated light. The PSR directs the polarization-rotated light through a second OW. Each of the first and second OW's has a respective combiner section. The first and second OW combiner sections extend parallel to each other and have opposite light propagation directions. A plurality of ring resonators is disposed between the combiner sections of the first and second OW's and within an evanescent optically coupling distance of both the first and second OW's. Each of ring resonators operates at a respective resonant wavelength to optically couple light from the combiner section of the first OW into the combiner section of the second OW.

The photonic integrated device comprises a substrate, a plurality of mechanical resonator structures on a surface of the substrate, exposed to receive sound waves from outside the device; a plurality of sensing optical waveguides, each sensing optical waveguide at least partly mechanically coupled to at least one of the mechanical resonator structures, or a sensing optical waveguide that is at least partly mechanically coupled to all of the mechanical resonator structures; an input optical waveguide on the surface of the substrate, coupled to the plurality of sensing optical waveguides or the single sensing optical waveguide, for supplying light to the plurality of sensing optical waveguides or the single sensing optical waveguide; at least one output optical waveguide on the surface of the substrate, coupled to the plurality of sensing optical waveguides or the single sensing optical waveguide, for collecting light from the plurality of sensing optical waveguides or the single sensing optical waveguide that has been affected by vibration of plurality of mechanical resonator structures.

An optical input polarization management device includes a polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) that directs a portion of incoming light having a first polarization through a first optical waveguide (OW). The PSR rotates a portion of the incoming light having a second polarization to the first polarization so as to provide polarization-rotated light. The PSR directs the polarization-rotated light through a second OW. Light within the first and second OW's is input to a first two-by-two optical splitter (2×2OS). A first phase shifter (PS) is interfaced with either the first or second OW. Light is output from the first 2×2OS into a third OW and a fourth OW. Light within the third and fourth OW's is input to a second 2×2OS. A second PS is interfaced with either the third or fourth OW. Light is output from the second 2×2OS into a fifth OW for further processing.

An electro-optical conversion system including an opto-mechanical conversion device which includes a ring cavity formed by an optical waveguide which extends along an annular closed curve, a micromechanical resonator that comprises at least one microbeam, and a zipper type element integrated into the ring cavity, the zipper type element including a first arm made on a portion of the ring waveguide and a second arm made on the microbeam. The conversion system also includes a capacitor with first and second electrodes separated by a gap which varies when the microbeam oscillates.

Techniques for creating an SiGe/Si electro-optomechanical quantum transducer, comprising an SiGe/Si optical ring resonator and capacitor, that can be associated with a qubit are presented. The optical resonator, comprising an SiGe optical waveguide and a strained silicon membrane, can be formed and disposed over a substrate. The strained silicon membrane can have a photoelastic coupling with the SiGe optical waveguide. A capacitor, comprising a superconducting material, can be formed in proximity to the optical resonator. The top plate of the capacitor can be associated with the strained silicon membrane. A recessed region can be formed in the back side of the substrate along a desired silicon plane, extending to form a hole in the top side of the substrate. A superconducting material can be applied along substrate surfaces defining the recessed region and hole. The superconducting material covering the hole can be the bottom plate of the capacitor.

A method is described of manufacturing an optical sensing element for detecting a presence and/or determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid medium, in particular in an aqueous medium. The optical sensing element includes an optical waveguide (e.g. an optical fiber) comprising an optically transparent material for guiding light through the sensing element along a flightpath. The optical sensing element further includes an inorganic coating for adsorbing the analyte from the fluid medium and an adhesion promotion layer formed between the optical waveguide and the inorganic coating. The adhesion promotion layer includes an adhesion promotion material for promoting adhesion of the inorganic material.

A photonic system includes a passive optical cavity and an optical waveguide. The passive optical cavity has a preferred radial mode for light propagation within the passive optical cavity. The preferred radial mode has a unique light propagation constant within the passive optical cavity. The optical waveguide is configured to extend past the passive optical cavity such that at least some light propagating through the optical waveguide will evanescently couple into the passive optical cavity. The passive optical cavity and the optical waveguide are collectively configured such that a light propagation constant of the optical waveguide substantially matches the unique light propagation constant of the preferred radial mode within the passive optical cavity.