High bandwidth (e.g., > 100 GHz) modulators and methods of fabricating such are provided. An EAM comprises a waveguide mesa comprising a continuous multi-quantum well (MQW) layer; a plurality of electrode segments disposed on the waveguide mesa; and a microstrip transmission line disposed on an insulating material layer and in electrical communication with the plurality of electrode segments via conducting bridges. The waveguide mesa comprises alternating active sections and passive sections. An electrode segment of the plurality of electrodes is disposed on a respective one of the active sections. Portions of the continuous MQW layer disposed in each of the active sections having an energy gap defining an active energy gap value. Portions of the continuous MQW layer disposed in each of the passive sections having an energy gap defining an passive energy gap value. The active energy gap value is less than the passive energy gap value.

Compact electro-optic modulator with integrated voltage-switched transparent conductive oxide capacitor with one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal nano-cavity.

Compact electro-optic modulator with integrated voltage-switched transparent conductive oxide capacitor with one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal nano-cavity.

A method for stabilizing a quantum dot's emission spectrum, comprising: illuminating the quantum dot with an illumination fluence sufficient to effect a persistent reduction in blue-shift over time in the quantum dot's spectrum. A method, comprising discriminating between a first quantum dot and a second quantum dot on the basis of spectral stabilities of the first quantum dot and the second quantum dot. A method, comprising: illuminating a quantum dot with a first fluence so as to effect a first emission color from the quantum dot; and illuminating the quantum dot with a second fluence so as to effect a second emission color from the quantum dot, the first fluence and the second fluence differing in intensity. A spectrally-stabilized quantum dot, the spectrally-stabilized quantum dot exhibiting a spectral shift of less than about 2.5 meV over about 15 minutes of continuous operation.