Systems and methods for destroying or inhibiting cancer cells and other rapidly-dividing cells include coupling an alternating polarity (AP) magnetic field generator to a target body area and applying an AP magnetic field having a frequency of 0.5-500 kHz and a field strength of 0.5-5 mT to the target body area to achieve a desired inhibiting effect on cancer cells or other rapidly-dividing cells. Treatments provided by the system may be co-administered with an anti-cancer drug such as a chemotherapy drug, a hormone therapy drug, targeted therapy drugs, immunotherapy drugs, or an angiogenesis inhibitor drug.

A LIDAR system includes a light source configured to output a source signal. The LIDAR chip is also configured to output a LIDAR output signal that exits from the LIDAR chip. The LIDAR system also includes an isolator adapter that includes an optical isolator configured to receive an adapter signal. The adapter signal includes light that is from the source signal and that has exited from the LIDAR chip before being received by the optical isolator. The isolator is configured to output light from the adapter signal in an isolator output signal. Additionally, the LIDAR output signal includes light from the isolator output signal.

A LIDAR system includes a light source configured to output a source signal. The LIDAR chip is also configured to output a LIDAR output signal that exits from the LIDAR chip. The LIDAR system also includes an isolator adapter that includes an optical isolator configured to receive an adapter signal. The adapter signal includes light that is from the source signal and that has exited from the LIDAR chip before being received by the optical isolator. The isolator is configured to output light from the adapter signal in an isolator output signal. Additionally, the LIDAR output signal includes light from the isolator output signal.

A system includes N-distant independent plasmonic graphene waveguides. The N-distant independent plasmonic graphene waveguides are used to generate an N-partite continuous variable entangled state.

A system includes N-distant independent plasmonic graphene waveguides. The N-distant independent plasmonic graphene waveguides are used to generate an N-partite continuous variable entangled state.

Provided is an optical modulation element which includes an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide includes: a rib part; a first slab part extending from the first side face of the rib part; aid a second slab part extending from the second side face of the rib part. The optical waveguide includes a first semiconductor region and a second semiconductor region which have an opposite conductive type from each other. The first semiconductor region includes an upper section, a lateral section, and a lower section. The second semiconductor region is sandwiched between the upper section and the lower section so as to be substantially in direct contact with the upper section, the lateral section, and the lower section. At least one of an end face of the upper section and an end face of the lower section flushes with the first side face of the rib part.

Provided is an optical modulation element which includes an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide includes: a rib part; a first slab part extending from the first side face of the rib part; aid a second slab part extending from the second side face of the rib part. The optical waveguide includes a first semiconductor region and a second semiconductor region which have an opposite conductive type from each other. The first semiconductor region includes an upper section, a lateral section, and a lower section. The second semiconductor region is sandwiched between the upper section and the lower section so as to be substantially in direct contact with the upper section, the lateral section, and the lower section. At least one of an end face of the upper section and an end face of the lower section flushes with the first side face of the rib part.

An object is to be capable of housing an optical fiber that connects between components not to exceed a bending limit of the optical fiber in a housing of a pluggable optical module. A pluggable electric connector (11) is configured to be insertable into and removable from an optical communication apparatus (93). An optical output module (12) outputs an optical signal (LS1) and a local oscillation light (LO). An optical reception module (13) outputs a communication data signal (DAT) generated by demodulating using the local oscillation light (LO). A pluggable optical receptor (15) is configured in such a manner that optical fibers are insertable thereinto and removable therefrom. A first optical fiber (F11) is connected between the optical output module (12) and the pluggable optical receptor (15). A second optical fiber (F12) is connected between the optical output module (12) and the optical reception module (13). A third optical fiber (F13) is connected between the optical reception module (13) and the pluggable optical receptor (15). Optical fiber housing means winds extra lengths of the first to third optical fibers (F11 to F13) around a guide.

An object is to be capable of housing an optical fiber that connects between components not to exceed a bending limit of the optical fiber in a housing of a pluggable optical module. A pluggable electric connector (11) is configured to be insertable into and removable from an optical communication apparatus (93). An optical output module (12) outputs an optical signal (LS1) and a local oscillation light (LO). An optical reception module (13) outputs a communication data signal (DAT) generated by demodulating using the local oscillation light (LO). A pluggable optical receptor (15) is configured in such a manner that optical fibers are insertable thereinto and removable therefrom. A first optical fiber (F11) is connected between the optical output module (12) and the pluggable optical receptor (15). A second optical fiber (F12) is connected between the optical output module (12) and the optical reception module (13). A third optical fiber (F13) is connected between the optical reception module (13) and the pluggable optical receptor (15). Optical fiber housing means winds extra lengths of the first to third optical fibers (F11 to F13) around a guide.

The present disclosure relates to a method including the following steps: a) forming a waveguide from a first material, the waveguide being configured to guide an optical signal; b) forming a layer made of a second material that is electrically conductive and transparent to a wavelength of the optical signal, steps a) and b) being implemented such that the layer made of the second material is in contact with at least one of the faces of the waveguide, or is separated from the at least one of the faces by a distance of less than half, preferably less than a quarter, of the wavelength of the optical signal. The application further relates to a phase modulator, in particular obtained by such a method.