The present invention provides improved driving methods for four particle electrophoretic displays. The driving methods improve the color state performance when a first pixel is displaying a mixed state of a first highly-charged particle and a second lower-charged particle of the opposite polarity, while a neighboring pixel is displaying a state of a second highly-charged particle having the opposite polarity to the first highly-charged particle. The particles can be, for example, all reflective or one type of particle can be partially light transmissive.

The display device includes at least one pixel having a first capacitive element having a first terminal and a transistor connected to the first terminal and having a second terminal and a gate electrode. A driving method of the display device including in a first frame, a signal with a first pulse width is supplied to the gate electrode of the transistor, and a first voltage is written from the second terminal to the first terminal. In the second frame after the first frame, a signal with a second pulse width is supplied to the gate electrode, and the first terminal holds the first voltage. In the third frame after the second frame, a signal with a third pulse width is supplied to the gate electrode, and the second voltage is written from the second terminal to the first terminal.

The display device includes at least one pixel having a first capacitive element having a first terminal and a transistor connected to the first terminal and having a second terminal and a gate electrode. A driving method of the display device including in a first frame, a signal with a first pulse width is supplied to the gate electrode of the transistor, and a first voltage is written from the second terminal to the first terminal. In the second frame after the first frame, a signal with a second pulse width is supplied to the gate electrode, and the first terminal holds the first voltage. In the third frame after the second frame, a signal with a third pulse width is supplied to the gate electrode, and the second voltage is written from the second terminal to the first terminal.

A variable light transmission device has at least one layer of electrophoretic medium comprising charged particles. Application of a an electric field having a waveform formed by a superposition of a carrier and a modulator waveform enables the switching of the device from a closed state to an open state, wherein the open state has higher light transmission than the closed state. As a result, the device enables the selection of the desired optical state by the user.

A variable light transmission device has at least one layer of electrophoretic medium comprising charged particles. Application of a an electric field having a waveform formed by a superposition of a carrier and a modulator waveform enables the switching of the device from a closed state to an open state, wherein the open state has higher light transmission than the closed state. As a result, the device enables the selection of the desired optical state by the user.

An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid, a first, light scattering particle (typically white) and second, third and fourth particles having three subtractive primary colors (typically magenta, cyan and yellow); at least two of these colored particles being non-light scattering. The first and second particles bear polymer coatings such that the electric field required to separate an aggregate formed by the third and the fourth particles is greater than that required to separate an aggregate formed from any other two types of particles. Methods for driving the medium to produce white, black, magenta, cyan, yellow, red, green and blue colors are also described.

An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid, a first, light scattering particle (typically white) and second, third and fourth particles having three subtractive primary colors (typically magenta, cyan and yellow); at least two of these colored particles being non-light scattering. The first and second particles bear polymer coatings such that the electric field required to separate an aggregate formed by the third and the fourth particles is greater than that required to separate an aggregate formed from any other two types of particles. Methods for driving the medium to produce white, black, magenta, cyan, yellow, red, green and blue colors are also described.

A display module and a display device are provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The display module includes a display panel, the display panel includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a display surface, and the display module further includes an optical modulation structure arranged on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the display panel. The optical modulation structure includes: a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate arranged opposite to each other, a charged particle arranged between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and a first transparent electrode structure arranged between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate and configured to form an electric field for driving the charged particle to move.

A display module and a display device are provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The display module includes a display panel, the display panel includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a display surface, and the display module further includes an optical modulation structure arranged on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the display panel. The optical modulation structure includes: a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate arranged opposite to each other, a charged particle arranged between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and a first transparent electrode structure arranged between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate and configured to form an electric field for driving the charged particle to move.

A radio frequency rectifier circuit including a rectifier circuit and a controller circuit is provided. The rectifier circuit receives a radio frequency signal and converts the radio frequency signal into a direct-current voltage serving as an output voltage. The rectifier circuit includes multiple power stages and multiple switch circuits. Each of the switch circuits is coupled between two of the power stages. The controller circuit is coupled to the rectifier circuit. The controller circuit outputs a control signal to control a conduction number of the switch circuits according to a value of the output voltage.