Layered dielectric materials for use in controlling dielectric strength in microelectronic devices, especially as they relate to electrophoretic and electrowetting applications. Specifically, a combination of a first atomic layer deposition (ALD) step, a sputtering step, and a second ALD step result in a layer that is chemically robust and nearly pinhole free. The dielectric layer may be disposed on the transparent common electrode of an electrophoretic display or covering the pixelated backplane electrodes, or both.

An electrophoretic particle including a pigment particle having an intermediate residue covalently bonded to the surface of the pigment particle and a polymer bonded to the intermediate residue. The polymer may be derived from one or more types of monomers and at least one of the monomers is a substituted or unsubstituted styrene monomer including halogenated styrenic monomers. The electrophoretic particle may be used in an electrophoretic medium including a dispersion of the particles in a suspending fluid. The electrophoretic medium may be incorporated into an electro-optic display.

An electro-optic display having a viewing surface through which a user views the display, a bistable, electrophoretic medium, and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electrophoretic medium, the display further comprising at least 10 micromoles per square meter of the viewing surface of at least one compound having an oxidation potential more negative that about 150 mV with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode, as measured at pH 8, where the compound is a sulfite salt or a salt of titanium (III), vanadium (II), iron (II), cobalt (II) or copper (I), a hydroquinone, a catechol, a dihydropyridine or a metallocene.

An electro-optic device comprising electrophoretic medium including a dispersion of a plurality of particles in a fluid configured to migrate within the fluid in a direction responsive to an applied electric field. The plurality of particles include a first type of particles having a first charge of a first charge polarity, a second type of particles having a second charge of a second charge polarity, and a third type of particles having a third charge of the second charge polarity. The first charge polarity is opposite to the second charge polarity, and the third type of particles are configured to migrate within the fluid in a direction responsive to an applied magnetic field gradient.

This disclosure provides an electrophoretic display system including a first electrode disposed on a substrate and a three-dimensional (3D) carbon-based structure configured to guide a migration of electrically charged electrophoretic ink particles dispersed therein that are configured to be responsive to application of a voltage to the first electrode. The 3D carbon-based structure includes a plurality of 3D aggregates defined by a morphology of graphene nanoplatelets orthogonally fused together and cross-linked by a polymer; and, a plurality of channels interspersed throughout the 3D carbon-based structure defined by the morphology. The plurality of channels includes a plurality of inter-particle pathways and a plurality of intra-particle pathways. Each inter-particle pathway can include a smaller dimension than each inter-particle pathway. A second electrode is disposed on the 3D carbon-based structure. Each 3D aggregate can include any one or more of graphene, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanoplatelets, or carbon nanotubes.

An electrophoretic particle according to an embodiment contains carbon black, and the electrophoretic particle comprises: a core portion; and a shell portion disposed to surround the outer surface of the core portion, wherein a protrusion portion is formed on the surface of the core portion, the core portion has a chromaticity index of 2 or less, the core portion has a light absorption rate of 90% to 99%, and the particle diameter of the electrophoretic particles is 50 nm to 800 nm.

The present invention relates to a pigment for a black electrophoretic display having high electrical insulation and excellent dispersibility in the visible region. An objective of the present invention is to provide black titanium dioxide as a pigment for an electrophoretic display. In addition, another objective of the present invention is to provide an ink composition for an electrophoretic display comprising a black titanium dioxide pigment, and an electrophoretic display.

An electro-optic device comprising electrophoretic medium including a dispersion of a plurality of particles in a fluid configured to migrate within the fluid in a direction responsive to an applied electric field. The plurality of particles include a first type of particles having a first charge of a first charge polarity, a second type of particles having a second charge of a second charge polarity, and a third type of particles having a third charge of the second charge polarity. The first charge polarity is opposite to the second charge polarity, and the third type of particles are configured to migrate within the fluid in a direction responsive to an applied magnetic field gradient.

An electrophoretic display medium includes a front and a rear electrode, at least one of the front and rear electrodes being transparent, and an encapsulated dispersion fluid containing a plurality of pigments positioned between the front and rear electrode. The plurality of pigments includes a first and a second type of organic pigment particle. The first type of organic pigment particle has a first color and a first charge polarity. The second type of organic pigment particle has a second color different from the first color and a second charge polarity the same as the first charge polarity. At least one of the first and second types of organic pigment particle includes a silica coating and a polymeric stabilizer covalently bonded to the silica coating.

A viewing angle controlling film for a display device includes a first base member, a first electrode disposed on the first base member; a transparent resin layer which is disposed on the first electrode and has a plurality of accommodating units; a second electrode disposed on the transparent resin layer; and a second base member disposed on the second electrode, and in which an ink including charged black particles, charged high refractive particles, and a solvent is accommodated in each of the plurality of accommodating units and the charged black particles are charged with a charge opposite to the charged high refractive particles.