A beam shaping system including an all-optical liquid crystal beam shaper, the beam shaper including a photoswitchable alignment material including at least one of a PESI-F, SPMA:MMA 1:5, SPMA:MMA 1:9, ora SOMA:SOMA-p:MMA 1:1:6 material, at least some of the liquid crystals of the beam shaper including at least one of a phenylcyclohexane, cyclo-cyclohexane, or a perfluorinated material.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first display panel, and a polarizer opposed to the first display panel and having a transmission axis for transmitting linearly polarized light. The first display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate and including streak-like polymers and liquid crystal molecules. An extension direction of the polymers is substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis.

An optical phase shift circuit can include: a first Mach Zehnder lattice and a second Mach Zehnder lattice. Each Mach Zehnder lattice can have a first waveguide and a second waveguide, with a set of active phase shifters disposed along one of the waveguides and a plurality of directional coupler regions disposed along both waveguides between the active phase shifters. A first passive phase shifter can be coupled between one output path of the first Mach Zehnder lattice and one input path of the second Mach Zehnder lattice, and a second passive phase shifter can be coupled between the other output path of the first Mach Zehnder lattice and the other input path of the second Mach Zehnder lattice. Optical phase shift circuits of this kind can be used to implement phase shifters in a Generalized Mach Zehnder interferometer.

A beam positioner can be broadly characterized as including a first acousto-optic (AO) deflector (AOD) operative to diffract an incident beam of linearly polarized laser light, wherein the first AOD has a first diffraction axis and wherein the first AOD is oriented such that the first diffraction axis has a predetermined spatial relationship with the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized laser light. The beam positioner can include at least one phase-shifting reflector arranged within a beam path along which light is propagatable from the first AOD. The at least one phase-shifting reflector can be configured and oriented to rotate the plane of polarization of light diffracted by the first AOD.

An optical phase modulator comprises a cascaded array of optical resonators, wherein each of the optical resonators has an input port and an output port. A plurality of waveguides are coupled between the optical resonators and are configured to provide cascaded optical communication between the optical resonators. Each of the waveguides is respectively coupled between the output port of one optical resonator and the input port of an adjacent optical resonator. A transmission electrode is positioned adjacent to the optical resonators, with the transmission electrode configured to apply a drive voltage across the optical resonators. The optical phase modulator is operative to co-propagate an input optical wave with the drive voltage, such that a resonator-to-resonator optical delay is matched with a resonator-to-resonator electrical delay.

A method and system is provided for operating a quantum information processing (QIP) system, including a dual-space, single-species architecture for trapped-ion quantum information processing. An exemplary method of operating quantum information processing (QIP) system includes applying a global optical beam to a plurality of dual-space, single-species (DSSS) trapped ions; and applying at least one Raman beam of a plurality of Raman beams to a DSSS trapped ion of the plurality of DSSS trapped ions to transition a qubit associated with the DSSS trapped ion from a ground state, a metastable state, or an optical state to a different state.

A gain medium is pumped by a source. An optical wave passes through a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that comprises: a substrate comprising Silicon, a plurality of photonic structures, an input port coupling an optical wave into a waveguide formed in the PIC, and an output port coupling an optical wave out of a waveguide formed in the PIC. Propagation of an optical wave circulating around a closed path of a laser ring cavity is limited using an optical isolator such that, when the pump source exceeds a lasing threshold, the optical wave propagates in a single direction through the gain medium and the PIC. From output coupler, an output that is provided that comprises a fraction of the power of an optical wave that is incident upon the output coupler, and remaining power of the optical wave is redirected around the closed path of the laser ring cavity. The fraction can be greater than 0.5.

Component errors prevent linear photonic circuits from being scaled to large sizes. These errors can be compensated by programming the components in an order corresponding to nulling operations on a target matrix X through Givens rotations X.fwdarw.T.sup.†X, X.fwdarw.XT.sup.†. Nulling is implemented on hardware through measurements with feedback, in a way that builds up the target matrix even in the presence of hardware errors. This programming works with unknown errors and without internal sources or detectors in the circuit. Modifying the photonic circuit architecture can reduce the effect of errors still further, in some cases even rendering the hardware asymptotically perfect in the large-size limit. These modifications include adding a third directional coupler or crossing after each Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the circuit and a photonic implementation of the generalized FFT fractal. The configured photonic circuit can be used for machine learning, quantum photonics, prototyping, optical switching/multicast networks, microwave photonics, or signal processing.

A display device is provided. The display device includes a first substrate, a first display structure disposed on the first substrate and a second display structure disposed on the first substrate. The first display structure and the second display structure are different from each other and are selected from a liquid-crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, an inorganic light-emitting diode display or a laser display. The display device also includes a first polarizing structure. The first polarizing structure is disposed on the first display structure and the second display structure.

This disclosure discloses a light-emitting diode chip, a method for fabricating the same, a backlight module, and a display device. The light-emitting diode chip includes: a transparent base substrate; at least one light-emitting diode located on one side of the base substrate; and a dimming structure located on a side of the base substrate away from the light-emitting diode, wherein the light-emitting diode is configured to emit light from double sides thereof; and the dimming structure is configured to adjust the intensity of light emitted from the side of the base substrate away from the light-emitting diode.