An electrochromic film and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic film are disclosed. The electrochromic film includes an electrochromic layer and a passivation layer on one side of the electrochromic layer. The coloration level of the electrochromic film is different from the coloration level of the passivation layer. The film may change optical properties as a result of electrochromism according to an electrochemical reaction. The electrochromic film and the electrochromic device have improved electrochromism, excellent durability, excellent color-switching speed, and stepwise control of optical properties.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first substrate. The electronic device also includes a multilayer electrode disposed on the first substrate. The multilayer electrode includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer, and a third conductive layer disposed on the second conductive layer. The electronic device further includes a second substrate facing the first substrate. In addition, the electronic device includes a working medium disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The chemical electromotive force of the second conductive layer is between that of the first conductive layer and the third conductive layer.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an optical element including a first polarizer and a second polarizer disposed to be perpendicular to each other, and a cell disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The cell includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, an electrode positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a dispersion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including at least one of peeled -ZrP particles and peeled -TiP particles. The peeled -ZrP particles and the peeled -TiP particles are in a nematic state. The orientation of at least one of the -ZrP particles or the -TiP particles is changed by an electric field applied to the electrode.

The present disclosure provides a display device and display method. The display device includes: a first display structure and a second display structure. The second display structure is disposed on a first light exiting side of the first display structure. A quantum rod layer that is disposed on a second light exiting side of the second display structure. The first display structure is configured to convert an incident blue light ray into a linearly polarized blue light, and control a luminance of the first display structure by controlling a deflection angle of liquid crystal of the first display structure. The second display structure receives the linearly polarized blue light that exits from the first display structure, and changes polarization state of the linearly polarized blue light incident to the quantum rod layer by controlling deflection angle of liquid crystal of the second display structure, to in turn change a color of the light ray that exits from the quantum rod layer.

An electrochromic film and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic film are disclosed. The electrochromic film includes an electrochromic layer and a passivation layer on one side of the electrochromic layer. The coloration level of the electrochromic film is different from the coloration level of the passivation layer. The film may change optical properties as a result of electrochromism according to an electrochemical reaction. The electrochromic film and the electrochromic device have improved electrochromism, excellent durability, excellent color-switching speed, and stepwise control of optical properties.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first substrate. The electronic device also includes a multilayer electrode disposed on the first substrate. The multilayer electrode includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer, and a third conductive layer disposed on the second conductive layer. The electronic device further includes a second substrate facing the first substrate. In addition, the electronic device includes a working medium disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The chemical electromotive force of the second conductive layer is between that of the first conductive layer and the third conductive layer.

A quantum rod panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a pixel electrode and a common electrode over the first substrate and spaced apart from each other, and a quantum rod layer between the pixel electrode and the common electrode and including quantum rods and metal particles.

The present disclosure provides a display device and display method. The display device includes: a first display structure and a second display structure. The second display structure is disposed on a first light exiting side of the first display structure. A quantum rod layer that is disposed on a second light exiting side of the second display structure. The first display structure is configured to convert an incident blue light ray into a linearly polarized blue light, and control a luminance of the first display structure by controlling a deflection angle of liquid crystal of the first display structure. The second display structure receives the linearly polarized blue light that exits from the first display structure, and changes polarization state of the linearly polarized blue light incident to the quantum rod layer by controlling deflection angle of liquid crystal of the second display structure, to in turn change a color of the light ray that exits from the quantum rod layer.

A device for generating thrust using the dynamic Casimir effect comprising: an epitaxial stack of closely spaced parallel semiconductor laminae; and a voltage source; wherein each said semiconductor lamina is connected to said voltage source such that said voltage source can apply voltage to each semiconductor lamina.

A switchable hydride smart window solid thin film coating having variable opacity and the methods for producing the same is described. The coating includes the following layers deposited on substrate such as glass: a switchable layer, an optional barrier layer, a catalyst layer, an optional barrier layer, a solid electrode, an ion storage layer, an optional insulating layer and a transparent conductor layer. The switchable layer is preferably formed of a magnesium alloy and ore preferable, a ternary alloy of magnesium along with two additional rare earth metals such as yttrium (Y) and Titanium (Ti), i.e., MgYTi.