Provided an electrophotographic member having an excellent electroconductivity and being capable of forming a high quality electrophotographic image even in long-term use. The electrophotographic member comprises an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive layer on the substrate, the electroconductive layer containing a matrix polymer, and a specific imidazolium salt.

An electrophotographic belt having a layered structure with excellent scratch resistance and excellent adhesion of layers to each other. The electrophotographic belt includes a first layer and a second layer directly covering any one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the first layer, the first layer containing a first polyester resin, and the second layer containing a second polyester resin and an acrylic resin that contains a carboxy group in its molecule.

Provided an electrophotographic electro-conductive member that can stably suppress an occurrence of fogging in an electrophotographic image. The member comprises a support having an electro-conductive outer surface, and an electro-conductive layer on the outer surface of the support, the electro-conductive layer having a matrix including a cross-linked product of a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domains each includes a cross-linked product of a second rubber and an electro-conductive particle, at least some of the domains is exposed to the outer surface of the electro-conductive member to constitute protrusions on an outer surface of the member, the outer surface of the electro-conductive member is constituted by the matrix and the domains exposed to the outer surface of the electrophotographic electro-conductive member, the electrophotographic electro-conductive member has an impedance of 1.0?10.sup.3? or more and 1.0?10.sup.8? or less, and some of the domains satisfy two specific requirements.

An electrophotographic member, comprising a resin layer, the resin layer being electrically conductive, and the resin layer comprising: a thermoplastic polyester; a cation; an anion that does not contain a fluorine atom in a molecule of the anion; and a particle containing a metal oxide and having hydrophilization rate of 0.50 or more.

A conductive member includes: a substrate; an elastic layer provided on the substrate; and a surface layer provided on the elastic layer, in which the surface layer contains a conductive agent and has a sea/island structure that includes a sea portion containing a first resin and an island portion containing a second resin, and in observation of a cross-section of the surface layer, an area ratio A of island portions in a region A from a surface of the surface layer to a depth that is 20% of a film thickness is 25% or more and 45% or less.

A colored resin particle dispersion and an inkjet ink are provided which preferably exhibit excellent rub fastness and alcohol resistance, and yield printed items having high image density. Specifically, a colored resin particle dispersion includes colored resin particles, a basic dispersant and a non-aqueous solvent. The colored resin particles include a colorant, a thermoplastic solid resin and a liquid organic compound having an acidic group, and the thermoplastic solid resin has a polar parameter p and a hydrogen bonding parameter h from the Hansen solubility parameters that satisfy p=2.5 to 11.0 and h=5.0 to 12.0 respectively is provided.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including in this order: a support; an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer, wherein the undercoat layer comprises at least one kind of polymer selected from the group consisting of: a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1); and a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (2).

##STR00001##

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including in this order: a support; an electron-transporting layer; a charge-generating layer; and a hole-transporting layer, wherein the electron-transporting layer comprises a polymer having a specific structural unit, and wherein the polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of ?10 to 50? C.

A composition for seamless belt includes a thermoplastic resin; and a conductive agent. A liquid extracted from the composition with methanol has an intensity not greater than 710.sup.8 in a total ion chromatogram.

The electrophotographic member includes an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive surface layer. The surface layer contains an electroconductivity imparting agent and a polyrotaxane including a first and a second polyrotaxane molecule. The first polyrotaxane molecule includes a first cyclic molecule, and the second polyrotaxane molecule includes a second cyclic molecule. The cyclic molecules of the first and the second polyrotaxane molecules are bound in such a manner that the oxygen atom of a hydroxy group of the first cyclic molecule and the oxygen atom of a hydroxy group of the second cyclic molecule are bound with a structure represented by the following formula (1):
*R.sup.1ZR.sup.2** In this formula, z represents a linking group, and * and ** represent binding sites to be bound to either of the oxygen atoms derived from the hydroxy groups of the first and the second cyclic molecule. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a specific structure.