A part material for printing three-dimensional parts with an electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system, the part material including a composition having a semi-crystalline thermoplastic material and a charge control agent. The part material is provided in a powder form having a controlled particle size, and is configured for use in the electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system having a layer transfusion assembly for printing the three-dimensional parts in a layer-by-layer manner.

An electrophotographic toner which is excellent in grindability, fixing property and durability by being obtained via a step of melt-kneading a mixture containing an amorphous bioplastic having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 55000 to 120000, a terpene phenol resin, and a styrene acrylic resin having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 85500 to 118000 so as to obtain a kneaded mixture, and a step of grinding the kneaded mixture after hardening.

A polymerized rosin compound includes a rosin dimer component (A) including a bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) represented by formula (1): ROOCXCOOR. In this formula, X represents a rosin dimer residue derived from abietic acid, neoabietic acid, or palustric acid, which are resin acids having conjugated double bonds; and R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of I to 5 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group. The rosin dimer component (A) contains a bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) in the amount of 80% by weight or more and a rosin trimer or higher oligomer component (B) in the range from 1.5 to 3.7% by weight, wherein the rosin dimer component is free of a monofunctional rosin dimer component (a2) having one functional group represented by formula (2): ROOC, wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, and free from functional group containing rosin dimer component (a3), wherein the functional group represented by formula (2): ROOC, wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group. The polymerized rosin compound contains a large amount of the bifunctional rosin dimer component that makes it possible to obtain linear polymer with a high molecular weight.

The polymerized rosin compound of the invention includes a rosin dimer component (A) including a bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) represented by formula (1): ROOCXCOOR, wherein X represents a rosin dimer residue, and R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, wherein the rosin dimer component (A) contains a content of the bifunctional rosin dimer component (a1) of 80% by weight or more and the polymerized rosin compound contains a content of the rosin dimer component (A) of 80% by weight or more. The polymerized rosin compound contains a large amount of the bifunctional rosin dimer component and makes it possible to obtain linear polymer with a high molecular weight.

Provided is a toner, including toner particles each containing a binder resin containing a polyester as a main component, a colorant, a wax, and a crystalline polyester, in which: the polyester has a polyhydric alcohol unit and a polyvalent carboxylic acid unit; and the polyester has, as the polyhydric alcohol unit, a polyhydric alcohol unit N derived from an alkylene oxide adduct of a novolac type phenol resin.