The present invention relates to a toner for development of electrostatic images which contains a colorant, a resin composition (P) and a resin composition (W), in which the resin composition (P) is a resin composition formed by subjecting an acid group-containing amorphous polyester-based resin (A) and an amine compound to condensation reaction, and the resin composition (W) is a resin composition formed by subjecting an alcohol component (W-al), a carboxylic acid component (W-ac) and a hydrocarbon wax containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and a carboxy group to condensation reaction; and a process for producing the toner.

An object of the present invention is to provide a photoresponsive polymer that sufficiently secures photoresponsiveness to be fluidized by light irradiation and reversibly non-fluidized, improves fixability, and further has good color reproducibility.

Provided is a photoresponsive polymer containing a structural unit derived from a specific azomethine derivative, the photoresponsive polymer being fluidized by light irradiation and reversibly non-fluidized.

A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

The present invention relates to a toner for development of electrostatic images which contains a colorant, a resin composition (P) and an ester composition (C), in which the resin composition (P) is a resin composition formed by subjecting an acid group-containing amorphous polyester-based resin (A) and an amine compound to condensation reaction, and the ester composition (C) is at least one composition selected from the group consisting of the following ester composition (CI) and ester composition (CII); and a process for producing the toner.

A method for printing a three-dimensional part with an electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system having an electrophotography engine, a transfer medium, and a layer transfusion assembly includes providing a part material to the electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system, the part material compositionally comprising a charge control agent, and a thermoplastic material having a heat deflection temperature greater than about 150° C., and has a powder form. The method includes triboelectrically charging the part material to a Q/M ratio having a negative charge or a positive charge, and a magnitude ranging from about 5 micro-Coulombs/gram to about 50 micro-Coulombs/gram and developing layers of the three-dimensional part from the charged part material with the electrophotography engine. The method includes electrostatically attracting the developed layers from the electrophotography engine to the transfer medium and moving the attracted layers to the layer transfusion assembly with the transfer medium, wherein the layer transfusion assembly comprises a nip roller. The method includes transfusing the moved layers to previously-printed layers of the three-dimensional part with by moving the attracted layers about a nip of a nip roller using heat and pressure over time.

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles, layered-compound particles, and inorganic particles. The percentage Fa of layered-compound particles free from the toner particles is 5% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less.

A toner comprising a toner particle that comprises a toner base particle and an outermost layer present on the toner base particle surface, the toner base particle containing a binder resin wherein a plurality of concave portions are formed on the toner particle surface, and when T (nm) is an average thickness of the outermost layer in analysis of a cross section of the toner particle as observed with TEM, and a (nm) is a long diameter, b (nm) is a short diameter and d (nm) is a depth of each of the concave portions, respectively, when the concave portions on the toner particle are measured by using SPM from an outermost surface of the outermost layer toward the toner particle center, when “n” represents a number of the concave portions that satisfy specific relationships per 1 μm.sup.2 of the toner particle surface is 30 to 200.

A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains toner particles, layered-compound particles, and inorganic particles. The percentage Fa of layered-compound particles free from the toner particles is 5% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less.

The present invention provides an electrophotographic toner binder containing, as a main component, a polymer whose constituent monomer is a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, the electrophotographic toner binder being excellent in low-temperature fixability, hot-offset resistance, and storage stability. The present invention provides an electrophotographic toner binder containing a polymer (A) containing a monomer (a) and a monomer (x) different from the monomer (a) as essential constituent monomers, wherein the monomer (a) is a (meth)acrylate having a C18-C36 acyclic hydrocarbon group, the polymer (A) has an acid value of 40 or less, and the polymer (A) satisfies the following relational expression (1):
1.1 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5|SP(x)SP(a)|8.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5relational expression (1):
wherein SP(a) is the SP value of a structural unit derived from the monomer (a) constituting the polymer (A); and
SP(x) is the SP value of a structural unit derived from the monomer (x) different from the monomer (a) constituting the polymer (A).

A toner comprising a toner particle that comprises a toner base particle and an outermost layer present on the toner base particle surface, the toner base particle containing a binder resin wherein a plurality of concave portions are formed on the toner particle surface, and when T (nm) is an average thickness of the outermost layer in analysis of a cross section of the toner particle as observed with TEM, and a (nm) is a long diameter, b (nm) is a short diameter and d (nm) is a depth of each of the concave portions, respectively, when the concave portions on the toner particle are measured by using SPM from an outermost surface of the outermost layer toward the toner particle center, when n represents a number of the concave portions that satisfy specific relationships per 1 ?m.sup.2 of the toner particle surface is 30 to 200.