A pressure balanced thermal actuator includes a flow housing having an inlet and an outlet, with the flow housing being affixed at opposing ends to two bellows housings, each of which contains a bellows. An actuation rod is operably coupled to each bellows and contains a fluid passage therewithin. When the temperature of the area surrounding the actuator increases, the pressure inside the bellows housings increases, and exerts a force on the bellows therein, compressing it. As a result, the actuation rod moves from a first position to a second position to align the fluid passage with the inlet and the outlet, enabling the controlled passage of a first fluid from the inlet, and through the fluid passage, to the outlet, to reduce the temperature of the area surrounding the valve assembly. The actuator is unaffected by changes in the ambient pressure, by working equally on two opposing bellows areas.

A modified cooler bypass manifold includes a manifold body having an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit, a return conduit, a thermal valve bore, a pressure valve bore and an intermediate conduit. A plug may be installed in the thermal valve bore. In another embodiment, a modified cooler bypass manifold includes an OE manifold body, a first inlet conduit, a second inlet conduit, a first outlet conduit, a second outlet conduit and a valve bore. The modified cooler bypass manifold may also include a pressure bypass valve assembly disposed in the valve bore. An OE end cap and retaining ring may be disposed in the valve bore and operably connected to the pressure bypass valve assembly and the OE manifold body.

According to one embodiment, a system includes a high side heat exchanger, a load, a compressor, and a horizontal oil separator. The high side heat exchanger is configured to remove heat from a refrigerant. The horizontal oil separator comprises a centrifugal chamber, an oil, a cut line, a filter, a collector, and an outlet. The centrifugal chamber is configured to receive the refrigerant from the compressor and rotate the refrigerant, wherein rotating the refrigerant separates an oil from the refrigerant. The cut line is configured to prevent the oil separated in the centrifugal chamber from combining with the refrigerant. The filter is configured to separate additional oil from the refrigerant. The collector is configured to collect the oil separated in the centrifugal chamber and the additional oil. The outlet is configured to discharge the refrigerant to the high side heat exchanger.

According to one embodiment, a system includes a high side heat exchanger, a load, a compressor, and a horizontal oil separator. The high side heat exchanger is configured to remove heat from a refrigerant. The horizontal oil separator comprises a centrifugal chamber, an oil, a cut line, a filter, a collector, and an outlet. The centrifugal chamber is configured to receive the refrigerant from the compressor and rotate the refrigerant, wherein rotating the refrigerant separates an oil from the refrigerant. The cut line is configured to prevent the oil separated in the centrifugal chamber from combining with the refrigerant. The filter is configured to separate additional oil from the refrigerant. The collector is configured to collect the oil separated in the centrifugal chamber and the additional oil. The outlet is configured to discharge the refrigerant to the high side heat exchanger.

According to one embodiment, a system includes a high side heat exchanger, a load, a compressor, and a horizontal oil separator. The high side heat exchanger is configured to remove heat from a refrigerant. The horizontal oil separator comprises a centrifugal chamber, an oil, a cut line, a filter, a collector, and an outlet. The centrifugal chamber is configured to receive the refrigerant from the compressor and rotate the refrigerant, wherein rotating the refrigerant separates an oil from the refrigerant. The cut line is configured to prevent the oil separated in the centrifugal chamber from combining with the refrigerant. The filter is configured to separate additional oil from the refrigerant. The collector is configured to collect the oil separated in the centrifugal chamber and the additional oil. The outlet is configured to discharge the refrigerant to the high side heat exchanger.

A cooling apparatus for an engine includes an oil warmer, an engine internal passage, a warmer passage, a water pump, and a thermostat. The warmer passage connects an outlet of the internal passage to an inlet of the internal passage. The thermostat regulates an amount of coolant that flows into the oil warmer. The thermostat includes a valve member, a body, and a plurality of types of wax. The thermostat determines a degree of opening of the valve member in accordance with amounts of expansion of the respective types of wax caused by melting of the respective types of wax. The types of wax include a first wax, which melts at a first temperature, and a second wax, which melts at a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature.

A pressure sensor includes a ceramic sensor that is accommodated between a body and a holder. On an end surface of the sensor, plural resistive bodies are printed and fired in a straight line using a thick-film resistive paste material by screen printing.

A pressure balanced thermal actuator includes a flow housing having an inlet and an outlet, with the flow housing being affixed at opposing ends to two bellows housings, each of which contains a bellows. An actuation rod is operably coupled to each bellows and contains a fluid passage therewithin. When the temperature of the area surrounding the actuator increases, the pressure inside the bellows housings increases, and exerts a force on the bellows therein, compressing it. As a result, the actuation rod moves from a first position to a second position to align the fluid passage with the inlet and the outlet, enabling the controlled passage of a first fluid from the inlet, and through the fluid passage, to the outlet, to reduce the temperature of the area surrounding the valve assembly. The actuator is unaffected by changes in the ambient pressure, by working equally on two opposing bellows areas.

A cooling apparatus for an engine includes an oil warmer, an engine internal passage, a warmer passage, a water pump, and a thermostat. The warmer passage connects an outlet of the internal passage to an inlet of the internal passage. The thermostat regulates an amount of coolant that flows into the oil warmer. The thermostat includes a valve member, a body, and a plurality of types of wax. The thermostat determines a degree of opening of the valve member in accordance with amounts of expansion of the respective types of wax caused by melting of the respective types of wax. The types of wax include a first wax, which melts at a first temperature, and a second wax, which melts at a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature.

A pressure sensor includes a ceramic sensor that is accommodated between a body and a holder. On an end surface of the sensor, plural resistive bodies are printed and fired in a straight line using a thick-film resistive paste material by screen printing.