A method for processing image data having noise and information, including: acquiring input raw image data having pixels of an image sensor used to take the image data, processing the input data, and outputting processed image-output data. The step of acquiring input data includes acquiring an input-noise model from the input data, and the step of processing the input raw image data includes a preprocessing operation and determining an output-noise model adapted to reflect noise in the output data, and producing output raw-image data consistent with the output-noise model, and the step of outputting the processed image data includes storing and/or transmitting the output raw image data and the output-noise model, which together form the output data, in a manner linking the output raw image data to the output-noise model, thereby allowing processing of the output data, as input data, such that the processing is adapted for pipeline processing.

A method for processing image data having noise and information, including: acquiring input raw image data having pixels of an image sensor used to take the image data, processing the input data, and outputting processed image-output data. The step of acquiring input data includes acquiring an input-noise model from the input data, and the step of processing the input raw image data includes a preprocessing operation and determining an output-noise model adapted to reflect noise in the output data, and producing output raw-image data consistent with the output-noise model, and the step of outputting the processed image data includes storing and/or transmitting the output raw image data and the output-noise model, which together form the output data, in a manner linking the output raw image data to the output-noise model, thereby allowing processing of the output data, as input data, such that the processing is adapted for pipeline processing.

A method for determining, by reanalysis, a vibratory environment of a coupled vehicle/passenger system. A vehicle is subjected to external forces Fext and is coupled to a new passenger including multiple payloads (e.g., x=I, . . . N payload(s)). At the level of vehicle/passenger interfaces Ix, the method comprising a step DET1) for determining, based on reference interfacial acceleration γ.sub.x_ref of a reference passenger, the interfacial acceleration γ.sub.x′ relative to the new passenger.

A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium stores a multilayer fluid analysis program for analyzing a multilayer fluid as 2.5 dimensions in which each layer is divided into elements and each of the elements has information about a layer thickness in a finite element model for the multilayer fluid. The multilayer fluid analysis program allowing a computer to function as: a layer thickness calculation process for calculating the layer thickness of the elements from a simultaneous equation indicating a relationship between stress in a normal direction and a fluid viscosity in the elements without considering a fluid flow in a thickness direction of the layer thickness under a condition that stresses in the normal direction and a tangential direction are balanced at an interface of respective layers and a flow velocity at the interface is continuous; and a display process for displaying a calculation result.

A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium stores a multilayer fluid analysis program for analyzing a multilayer fluid as 2.5 dimensions in which each layer is divided into elements and each of the elements has information about a layer thickness in a finite element model for the multilayer fluid. The multilayer fluid analysis program allowing a computer to function as: a layer thickness calculation process for calculating the layer thickness of the elements from a simultaneous equation indicating a relationship between stress in a normal direction and a fluid viscosity in the elements without considering a fluid flow in a thickness direction of the layer thickness under a condition that stresses in the normal direction and a tangential direction are balanced at an interface of respective layers and a flow velocity at the interface is continuous; and a display process for displaying a calculation result.

A method for image reconstruction from plural copies, the method including receiving a series of measured projections p.sub.i of a target object h and associated background; iteratively reconstructing images h.sub.i(k) of the target object and images g.sub.i(k) of the background of the target object for each member i of the series of the measured projections p.sub.i over plural iterations k; and generating a final image of the target object h, based on the reconstructed images h.sub.i, when a set condition is met. The index i describes how many elements are in the series of projections p.sub.i, and iteration k indicates how many times the reconstruction of the image target is performed.

A method for image reconstruction from plural copies, the method including receiving a series of measured projections p.sub.i of a target object h and associated background; iteratively reconstructing images h.sub.i(k) of the target object and images g.sub.i(k) of the background of the target object for each member i of the series of the measured projections p.sub.i over plural iterations k; and generating a final image of the target object h, based on the reconstructed images h.sub.i, when a set condition is met. The index i describes how many elements are in the series of projections p.sub.i, and iteration k indicates how many times the reconstruction of the image target is performed.

We describe a method of processing data to determine a level of free sugar in a foodstuff or drink, the method comprising: inputting data defining an ingredient list for said foodstuff or drink; inputting data for an empirical analysis (b) of nutrient levels in said foodstuff or drink; inputting data defining nutrient levels for each of ingredient in said ingredient list; wherein said analysed nutrient levels (b) in said foodstuff or drink are expressible as a combination of a matrix (A) of said ingredient nutrient levels and a vector (x) defining proportions of said ingredients in said ingredient list, representing a system of simultaneous equations defining said analysed nutrient levels in terms of said ingredient proportions and ingredient nutrient levels; identifying one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of: i) a solution to said system of simultaneous equations is non-physical, ii) said system of simultaneous equations is underdetermined, and iii) said system of simultaneous equations is overdetermined; modifying said system of simultaneous equations responsive to said identifying to add one or more additional ingredients to said ingredient list, said one or more additional ingredients representing one or more ingredients contributing to sugar content of said foodstuff or drink; and determining a level of free sugar in said foodstuff or drink from said modified system of simultaneous equations.

We describe a method of processing data to determine a level of free sugar in a foodstuff or drink, the method comprising: inputting data defining an ingredient list for said foodstuff or drink; inputting data for an empirical analysis (b) of nutrient levels in said foodstuff or drink; inputting data defining nutrient levels for each of ingredient in said ingredient list; wherein said analysed nutrient levels (b) in said foodstuff or drink are expressible as a combination of a matrix (A) of said ingredient nutrient levels and a vector (x) defining proportions of said ingredients in said ingredient list, representing a system of simultaneous equations defining said analysed nutrient levels in terms of said ingredient proportions and ingredient nutrient levels; identifying one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of: i) a solution to said system of simultaneous equations is non-physical, ii) said system of simultaneous equations is underdetermined, and iii) said system of simultaneous equations is overdetermined; modifying said system of simultaneous equations responsive to said identifying to add one or more additional ingredients to said ingredient list, said one or more additional ingredients representing one or more ingredients contributing to sugar content of said foodstuff or drink; and determining a level of free sugar in said foodstuff or drink from said modified system of simultaneous equations.

The present application provides a window function processing module including an integrating circuit, configured to receive an integrating input signal, the integrating circuit comprising an operational amplifier; an integrating capacitor, coupled to an output terminal and a first input terminal of the operational amplifier; and an adjustable impedance module, coupled between the first input terminal of the operational amplifier and an integrating input terminal of the integrating circuit, wherein the adjustable impedance module is controlled by at least one control signal to adjust an impedance value of the adjustable impedance module; and a control unit, coupled to the integrating circuit, configured to generate the at least one control signal according to a window function, to adjust the integration gain of the integrating circuit, such that the integrating output signal is related to an operation result of the integrating input signal and the window function.