An apparatus includes a first transistor including a first gate, a first drain and a first source. A second transistor includes a second gate and a second source, the second gate is coupled to a first current source configured to generate a linear current ramp, the second source is coupled to the first gate and a second current source configured to generate a constant current through the second transistor determined by a sampled voltage between the first gate and the first source. A third transistor includes a third gate and a third source, the third gate is coupled to the first drain, and the third source is coupled to an inductive load, wherein the third transistor is configured to source a load current to the inductive load in response to an integration of the linear current ramp. A first capacitor is coupled between the third source and the second gate.

A multiplier-accumulator accepts A and B digital inputs and generates a dot product P by applying the bits of the A input and the bits of the B inputs to unit elements comprised of groups of AND gates coupled to charge transfer lines through a capacitor Cu. The number of bits in the B input is a number of AND-groups and the number of bits in A is the number of AND gates in an AND-group. Each unit element receives one bit of the B input applied to all of the AND gates of the unit element, and each unit element having the bits of A applied to each associated AND gate input of each unit element. The AND gates are coupled to charge transfer lines through a capacitor Cu, and the charge transfer lines couple to binary weighted charge summing capacitors which sum and scale the charges from the charge transfer lines, the charge coupled to an analog to digital converter which forms the dot product output. The charge transfer lines may span multiple unit elements.

A method of operating switched capacitor filter integration circuits by pre-charging a final filter capacitor thereof with the final full voltage gain value during a first subframe to obtain an enhanced signal to noise ratio without changes to the circuit or components thereof.

A method of operating switched capacitor filter integration circuits by pre-charging a final filter capacitor thereof with the final full voltage gain value during a first subframe to obtain an enhanced signal to noise ratio without changes to the circuit or components thereof.

A multiply-accumulate operation device, circuit and method are disclosed. In on example, a multiply-accumulate operation device includes input lines, multiplication units, an accumulation unit, a charging unit, and an output unit. Pulse signals having pulse widths corresponding to input values are input to the input lines. The multiplication units generate, based on the pulse signals, charges corresponding to multiplication values obtained by multiplying the input values by weight values. The accumulation unit accumulates a sum of the charges corresponding to the multiplication values. The charging unit charges the accumulation unit at a charging speed associated with its accumulation state. The output unit outputs a multiply-accumulate signal representing a sum of the multiplication values by executing threshold determination using a threshold value associated with the accumulation state of the accumulation unit on a voltage held by the accumulation unit after the charging by the charging unit is started.

A multiply-accumulate device (10) includes: a comparison unit (18) that compares, with a threshold voltage, a voltage generated by an electric charge stored in a storage unit (14), and outputs an output signal at timing at which the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage; and a control circuit (110) that reduces, based on a predetermined set value, a charging current to the storage unit (14) from a plurality of input units (13) connected to the storage unit (14).

A multiply-accumulate device (10) includes: a comparison unit (18) that compares, with a threshold voltage, a voltage generated by an electric charge stored in a storage unit (14), and outputs an output signal at timing at which the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage; and a control circuit (110) that reduces, based on a predetermined set value, a charging current to the storage unit (14) from a plurality of input units (13) connected to the storage unit (14).

A dual integrator system comprises two integrators, an output stage, and a switching network. The first and second integrators receive a differential Hall sensor signal and a reference voltage. The first integrator outputs a first integrator signal based on the differential Hall sensor and the reference voltage. The second integrator outputs a second integrator signal based on the differential Hall sensor signal and the reference voltage. The first integrator comprises a first offset cancellation feedback loop, and the second integrator comprises a second offset cancellation feedback loop. The switching network is coupled to the first and second integrators and to the output stage, and alternates which of the first and second integrators is coupled to the output stage. In some embodiments, the first and second integrators each perform a reset operation, a sampling operation, an integration operation, a differential to single-ended conversion operation, and a holding operation.

A dual integrator system comprises two integrators, an output stage, and a switching network. The first and second integrators receive a differential Hall sensor signal and a reference voltage. The first integrator outputs a first integrator signal based on the differential Hall sensor and the reference voltage. The second integrator outputs a second integrator signal based on the differential Hall sensor signal and the reference voltage. The first integrator comprises a first offset cancellation feedback loop, and the second integrator comprises a second offset cancellation feedback loop. The switching network is coupled to the first and second integrators and to the output stage, and alternates which of the first and second integrators is coupled to the output stage. In some embodiments, the first and second integrators each perform a reset operation, a sampling operation, an integration operation, a differential to single-ended conversion operation, and a holding operation.

A dynamic error introduced by track-and-hold circuits can be reduced by using an input signal derivative to perform linear extrapolation during the hold period, allowing the output of the track-and-hold circuit to provide improved performance in reconstructing an undistorted input waveform, or to perform other applications such as demultiplexing. As described herein, a track-and-hold circuit and related techniques can include use of a first-order (e.g., linear) extrapolation. A first-order extrapolation can better approximate or reconstruct a signal during a specified hold duration, as compared to a zeroth-order technique. Use of analog circuits to implement the first-order extrapolation can one or more of reduce complexity of a circuit implementation or improve performance, such as by not requiring digital signal processing circuitry in performing the extrapolation.